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Amendments in Indian Constitution Provisions

The Constitution of India has provisions for amending its various provisions, ensuring its relevance and adaptability to changing times. The amendment process involves a rigorous procedure, requiring either a two-thirds majority in both houses of Parliament or a simple majority plus ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.

Since its adoption in 1950, the Constitution has been amended over 100 times, addressing evolving needs and challenges faced by the country.

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Home/Indian Constitution/Amendments in Indian Constitution Provisions/Page 6

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Shivam Anand
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Shivam AnandBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In: ,
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  1. Anjali Gupta
    Anjali Gupta Begginer

    One of the key steps in India’s journey towards financial inclusion is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), launched in 2014. This program aimed to provide every household in India with a bank account and access to other financial services like insurance and pensions. It helped people receiveRead more

    One of the key steps in India’s journey towards financial inclusion is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), launched in 2014. This program aimed to provide every household in India with a bank account and access to other financial services like insurance and pensions. It helped people receive government benefits directly into their bank accounts, reducing losses and improving efficiency in delivering welfare.

    The Aadhaar system, India’s biometric identification program, has been crucial in this effort. Aadhaar makes it easier to open bank accounts with less paperwork. Linking Aadhaar to bank accounts has made it simpler for people to access various financial services.

    Recently, India has seen a boom in digital payments, thanks to systems like the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS). UPI, developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has revolutionized digital payments. In one year, UPI transactions grew by 54% in volume and 42% in value. This widespread use of UPI has made digital payments accessible to many, allowing easy peer-to-peer and merchant transactions.

     

    The rapid growth of UPI transactions shows how quickly India is moving towards a cashless economy. Up to 2022, this trend was driven by more people using smartphones, government incentives, and the convenience of UPI. However, challenges like cybersecurity risks, gaps in digital literacy, gender disparities, and connectivity issues in remote areas remain. Overcoming these challenges is essential to maintaining the growth of UPI and ensuring everyone benefits from digital payments.

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Megha Langar
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Megha LangarBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , ,
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What are the major Indian constitutional amendments that made a remarkable impact on women empowerment?

indian constitutionindian constitutional amendmentwomen empowermentwomen representation
  1. Nisha Devgan
    Nisha Devgan Begginer

    The Indian written constitution acts as an armour in ensuring rights for females inside the country. Several changes made to the Indian constitution also played a vital role in empowering women. Here are some significant amendments:   73rd Amendment Act (1992): reserved one-third of seats for wRead more

    The Indian written constitution acts as an armour in ensuring rights for females inside the country. Several changes made to the Indian constitution also played a vital role in empowering women. Here are some significant amendments:

     

    • 73rd Amendment Act (1992): reserved one-third of seats for women in rural local bodies, empowering women at the grass-roots level.
    • 74th Amendment Act (1992): Reserved one-third seats for women in urban local bodies, thus ensuring their involvement.
    • 86th Amendment Act (2002): Made education a fundamental right and thus indirectly empowered women through girls’ education.
    • 102nd Amendment Act (2018): Provided constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) on issues concerning social and educational backwardness, among other issues faced by backward classes, including women.
    • 103rd Amendment Act (2019): Offers 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) in higher educational institutions and government jobs, thereby benefiting many poor girls from needy homes.
    • 128th Amendment Bill 2023: Reserves one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi for women.

    Thus, collectively, these amendments are motivated by women’s empowerment and rights.

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Abhirami S
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Abhirami SBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , , ,
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  1. Hemasai.jogi45
    Hemasai.jogi45 Begginer

    Technology has also had a significant impact on Indian language and communication. With the rise of the internet and mobile devices, many young people are now communicating in English or a hybrid of English and their native language. This has led to concerns about the erosion of traditional languageRead more

    Technology has also had a significant impact on Indian language and communication. With the rise of the internet and mobile devices, many young people are now communicating in English or a hybrid of English and their native language. This has led to concerns about the erosion of traditional language and cultural norms.

    Moreover, technology has also affected traditional social structures and relationships. With the rise of social media and dating apps, young people are increasingly forming relationships and social connections outside their immediate communities. This has led to a shift in the traditional family structures and societal norms.

    However, technology has also had some positive impacts on Indian culture. For instance, it has provided a platform for the preservation and promotion of Indian art, music, and dance. Platforms such as YouTube and social media have made it easier for artists to showcase their work and reach a global audience.

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shivani chandra
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shivani chandraBegginer
Asked: July 23, 2024In:
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  1. Pooja
    Pooja Begginer

    It is imperative that Indian laws be amended to more effectively embrace the ideas of environmental sustainability and conservation, especially in light of the country's rapidly increasing urbanisation and industrialisation. The following are some crucial tactics: Enhancing Environmental RegulationsRead more

    It is imperative that Indian laws be amended to more effectively embrace the ideas of environmental sustainability and conservation, especially in light of the country’s rapidly increasing urbanisation and industrialisation. The following are some crucial tactics:

    Enhancing Environmental Regulations: To tackle emerging environmental issues, current legislation such as the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and the Environment Protection Act must be strictly enforced and updated on a regular basis. Stricter sanctions for non-compliance can discourage infractions.

    Urban Development Plans Must Include Green Building Codes, Mandatory Green Spaces, and Sustainable Public Transportation Systems to Comply with Sustainability. Legislation ought to encourage mixed-use construction in order to lessen urban sprawl and dependency on cars. Amendments pertaining to industrial responsibility should require industries to implement waste management techniques, cleaner technologies, and effective resource utilisation. It is possible to guarantee that industries manage the lifecycle of their products, including recycling and disposal, by implementing extended producer responsibility, or EPR.

    Community Involvement and Education: Laws should support community-based natural resource management and promote public involvement in environmental decision-making. Citizens can be empowered to advocate for and engage in sustainable living through education and awareness campaigns. Economic Incentives for Conservation: Tax breaks and financial aid are available to companies and individuals who embrace sustainable practices, which can help to encourage environmental stewardship. A carbon tax can also be used to finance renewable energy initiatives and deter high emissions.

    By incorporating these strategies, amendments to Indian laws can promote a balanced approach to development that prioritizes environmental sustainability and conservation.

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Heera
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HeeraBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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How many amendments have been made in Indian Constitution and how effective  these amendments have been in practicality?

indian amendments
  1. Anupama K
    Anupama K Begginer
    Amendments in Indian Constitution

    In India, a magnificent tale of a living document unfolds – The Constitution of India. From 1950, it was designed to guide our Nation as diverse and vibrant India itself. But the time moves the constitution needed to grow, just like the country it served. Thus began the journey of amendments, now itRead more

    In India, a magnificent tale of a living document unfolds – The Constitution of India. From 1950, it was designed to guide our Nation as diverse and vibrant India itself. But the time moves the constitution needed to grow, just like the country it served. Thus began the journey of amendments, now it is 106 in 2024.

    It began with the First Amendment which introduced in the year 1951. It planted to uplift the socially and educationally backward classes, ensuring that everyone had chance to flourish. As the years passed, the Constitution continued to evolve. In 1976, an outbreak is visible, known as the 42nd Amendment, it created so many changes named as “Mini-Constitution.” This amendment aimed to reshape the land but also created controversy by trying to curb the power of the judiciary.

    Some amendments, ensuring reservations for disadvantaged groups, acted like rays of hope, pushing the nation toward justice and equality. Others, like the 42nd Amendment, faced resistance and sparked debates. More than these all, the Indian Constitution has been a living, breathing entity, adapting to the needs of its people. Each amendment is a chapter in the epic tale of India’s journey toward a just and dynamic society, constantly balancing tradition and progress.

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Ranjanaa
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RanjanaaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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What was the primary objective of the First Amendment Act, 1951, and what were its key provisions?

amendmentconstitutionconstitutional provisionindiaindian constitutional provisionquestion
  1. bhoomi bindra
    bhoomi bindra Begginer

    The First Amendment Act, of 1951 was carried out to address the SCs decision that stopped the government from implementing socio-economic reforms. The amendment safeguards the government's power to do social justice ensure equal distribution of resources and carry out land reforms. Some important prRead more

    The First Amendment Act, of 1951 was carried out to address the SCs decision that stopped the government from implementing socio-economic reforms. The amendment safeguards the government’s power to do social justice ensure equal distribution of resources and carry out land reforms. Some important provisions of this act are as follows:

    1. Restriction on Freedom of speech and expression

    The act imposed restrictions on how the fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression should be exercised. The said restrictions preserve the morals, sovereignty, and integrity of India.

     

    2. Land reforms

    Article 31A- under this protection laws related to land reforms and the acquisition of estates were introduced. The provision aimed at redistribution of and to ensure social justice.

    Article 31B- this article protects certain laws by placing them in the 9th schedule from being challenged in the SC on grounds of violation of fundamental rights.

    3. Amendments to Fundamental rights

    The act stated that and large estate acquired by the government with the purpose of redistribution to ensure equality should not be seen as unconstitutional or challenged in the SC on grounds of violation of fundamental rights of right to equality or right to property.

    4. Provisions for backward classes

    The act allowed the state to make provisions for the growth of educationally and socially backward classes or for the scheduled caste and scheduled tribes.

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Ananya Gupta
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Ananya GuptaBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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What impact has the amendments concerning the Directive Principles of State Policy had on the socio-economic development in India?

  1. Rishika Vishwakarma
    Rishika Vishwakarma Begginer

    The amendments concerning the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) have significantly impacted socio-economic development in India by reinforcing the state's commitment to social justice and economic welfare. Enhanced Focus on Welfare The 42nd Amendment in 1976 introduced directives aimed atRead more

    The amendments concerning the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) have significantly impacted socio-economic development in India by reinforcing the state’s commitment to social justice and economic welfare.

    Enhanced Focus on Welfare

    The 42nd Amendment in 1976 introduced directives aimed at minimizing economic inequalities and promoting worker participation in management, thereby fostering a more equitable society. This shift has led to the implementation of various welfare programs targeting marginalized sections, such as the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, enhancing their socio-economic status.

    Legal and Educational Advancements

    The 86th Amendment in 2002 made education a fundamental right, ensuring that children aged 6 to 14 receive free and compulsory education. This has directly contributed to increased literacy rates and skill development, essential for economic growth.

    Economic Policies and Initiatives

    The state has established numerous schemes, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, aimed at job creation and financial inclusion. These initiatives have been instrumental in uplifting rural communities and promoting entrepreneurship.

    Conclusion

    Overall, the amendments to the DPSP have strengthened the framework for socio-economic development in India, facilitating a more inclusive approach to governance and ensuring that the benefits of growth are more widely distributed

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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: July 26, 2024In: , , , , , , , , ,
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question
  1. B Deepsikha
    B Deepsikha Begginer

    Our history has been an evidence to why the roles of men and women are confined to their so called respective fields. The cause is just right before our eyes and it's the very psychology of a human that is our mindset , how we think , what we think and to what extent . Keeping the genetic factors asRead more

    Our history has been an evidence to why the roles of men and women are confined to their so called respective fields. The cause is just right before our eyes and it’s the very psychology of a human that is our mindset , how we think , what we think and to what extent . Keeping the genetic factors aside we are a material of our environment. We imitate what we see. History has always been in support of patriarchal society, where the women have almost no rights to earn a living and have to depend on certain male figure to make their ends meet.

    Culturally and socially our history has been dominated by males which is the exact reason why even in the 21st century there are so many women who are still relying on a male figure for their basic necessities.

    It has been a long engraved mindset which wouldn’t disappear at a snap of figure especially in the backward areas where people are still prone to many such prejudices and discrimination .

    Even till today there exists this culture of building the mindset of a girl to be limited to their social constraints and not to do anything beyond what’s socially acceptable.

    We have come a long way from the women suffrage movement to the women quotas at workplace. If we continue to build the young minds to be more open and engaging in the equal treatment of all human , there will be a build up of financial independence and confidence despite the gender.

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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: August 1, 2024In:
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State the relationship between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy .

indian constitutionupsc: bilateral relations
  1. Chhavista Singh
    Chhavista Singh Begginer

    The Constitution, India's Supreme Law, establishes the fundamental framework of the nation's polity, as well as Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles that embody our founding fathers' vision and objectives. The constitution attempts to protect human rights and provide state welfare through FunRead more

    The Constitution, India’s Supreme Law, establishes the fundamental framework of the nation’s polity, as well as Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles that embody our founding fathers’ vision and objectives. The constitution attempts to protect human rights and provide state welfare through Fundamental Rights and DPSP.

    Fundamental rights are basic human rights guaranteed to all citizens under Part III of the Indian Constitution. These are justiciable in nature. DPSP are a collection of guidelines and principles that are described in Part IV with the goal  to establish favorable social and economic circumstances so that people can have fulfilling lives. The link between Fundamental Rights and the DPSPS has been the subject of much discussion, followed by several landmark judgements like the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) and the Minerva Mills case (1980). It can be summarised as:

    • Directive Principles are affirmative directions, whereas Fundamental Rights are negative or prohibitive in character since they impose constraints on the state.
    • FR foster political democracy, whereas DPSP promotes social and economic democracy. The FR protects natural rights, and the adoption of the DPSP reinforces them even further.
    • The judiciary has frequently taken on a balancing role in situations when the DPSPs and Fundamental Rights seem to be at opposite ends.
    • The Supreme Court of India has declared that Fundamental Rights and DPSPs are compatible, and that the state should seek to attain the goals outlined in the DPSPs while upholding Fundamental Rights.

    FR and DPSP are intended to work together to achieve the constitutional ideal of a just, fair, and equitable society.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 21, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Objective: Introduce the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, and its significance. Key Points to Mention: Definition and purpose of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Overview of the amendment’s goal to create a unified tax structure ...

upsc: amendments in indian constitution provisions
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, fundamentally changing the indirect tax landscape and aiming to create a unified national market for goods and services. Salient Features of the GST Dual GSTRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, fundamentally changing the indirect tax landscape and aiming to create a unified national market for goods and services.

    Salient Features of the GST

    1. Dual GST Structure: The GST comprises Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST) or Union Territory GST (UTGST), allowing for concurrent taxation by both the central and state governments, depending on the transaction type .
    2. Integrated GST (IGST): For inter-state transactions and imports, IGST is levied and administered by the Central Government, facilitating smoother interstate trade .
    3. Destination-Based Taxation: GST operates on a destination-based taxation model, meaning the tax revenue is collected by the state where the goods or services are consumed, promoting equitable distribution of tax revenues .
    4. GST Council: The amendment established the GST Council, a constitutional body comprising representatives from the Central Government and all States/Union Territories, responsible for determining tax rates and policies .
    5. Compensation to States: To mitigate potential revenue losses for states, the amendment provides for compensation for five years from the implementation of GST, ensuring financial stability for states .

    Efficacy in Removing Cascading Effect and Creating a Common Market

    The GST has significantly reduced the cascading effect of taxes by subsuming multiple indirect taxes—like excise duty, service tax, and value-added tax—into a single entity. This simplification leads to improved transparency and compliance, as businesses are incentivized to maintain proper records through the input tax credit system .

    Moreover, by harmonizing tax rates and eliminating state-level barriers, GST facilitates the creation of a common national market, enhancing economic efficiency and making it easier for businesses to operate across state lines .

    However, challenges remain. The presence of multiple tax rates can confuse businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which may struggle with compliance and digital filing requirements. Additionally, some states may still experience revenue losses despite the compensation mechanism, as they lose the autonomy to levy their own taxes .

    Conclusion

    While the GST is a significant step towards a unified tax structure and a common market, addressing ongoing challenges and further simplifying the tax framework will be crucial for enhancing its overall efficacy in achieving its stated objectives.

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