Describe the nation’s current situation with regard to renewable energy sources and the goals that need to be met. In a few sentences, explain the significance of the National Program on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Model Answer Introduction Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world's second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world’s second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energy demands driven by rapid economic growth and urbanization. A diverse energy mix that includes nuclear power is essential for sustaining this growth.
Benefits of Expanding Nuclear Energy
High Energy Potential
Nuclear power plants, such as the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP), can generate significant energy from relatively small infrastructure. Currently, KNPP has two operational units with a total capacity of 2,000 MW. The expansion plans include units three and four, expected to be operational by 2024, eventually increasing the total capacity to 6,000 MW by 2027, making it India’s largest nuclear facility.
Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Nuclear energy is a low-carbon technology, contributing only 5% to India’s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 while generating 3.1% of the country’s electricity. This positions nuclear power as a crucial player in climate change mitigation.
Energy Security
India’s nuclear program, particularly its focus on utilizing domestic thorium reserves, enhances energy security. The three-stage nuclear power program is designed to leverage these resources effectively.
Concerns Associated with Nuclear Energy
Regulatory and Policy Hurdles
The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has faced criticism for its limited autonomy, raising concerns about safety and oversight in the nuclear sector.
Risk of Nuclear Accidents
Historical disasters, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, highlight the catastrophic risks associated with nuclear energy, contributing to public fear and resistance.
High Initial Costs
The substantial investment required for nuclear projects, along with lengthy construction timelines, can deter development, as seen with the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station unit-3.
Nuclear Waste Management
The long-term management of radioactive waste remains unresolved, posing a significant challenge to the nuclear energy agenda.
Public Acceptance
Widespread apprehension regarding nuclear safety and waste disposal complicates efforts to gain public support for new projects.
Conclusion
While expanding nuclear energy presents significant opportunities for India to meet its energy needs and climate objectives, it also involves considerable risks and challenges. A balanced approach that emphasizes safety, regulatory diligence, and public engagement is essential for the sustainable development of nuclear energy in India.
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Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India 1. Current Status: India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024: Installed Capacity: India’s total installed renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 200 GW, contributing aboRead more
Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India
1. Current Status:
India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024:
2. Targets:
India has ambitious goals under its National Renewable Energy Mission:
3. Importance of the National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs):
a. Energy Efficiency:
The National Programme on LEDs aims to promote the use of energy-efficient LED lighting across the country. It is crucial for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the Prakash Path Programme has led to the installation of over 36 crore LED bulbs, significantly reducing electricity demand.
b. Cost Savings:
LED lighting offers substantial cost savings due to its low energy consumption and long lifespan. It has resulted in reduced electricity bills for households and institutions.
c. Environmental Impact:
By replacing incandescent bulbs with LEDs, India is decreasing its carbon footprint, thereby contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts.
d. Government Initiatives:
The UJALA Scheme (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All) has been pivotal in this transition, making LED bulbs more accessible and affordable to the general public.
Conclusion:
India’s focus on expanding renewable energy and promoting LED lighting underscores its commitment to sustainable development and energy efficiency. The targets and initiatives reflect a strategic approach towards meeting the country’s growing energy needs while addressing environmental concerns.
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