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Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (200 words)(2016)
India's Renewable Energy Status and Targets Current Status of Renewable Energy India has achieved considerable success in renewable energy, ranking as the world's 3rd largest producer. In 2023, India's installed renewable energy capacity is 179.5 GW, which comprises: - Solar Power: ~72 GW - Wind EneRead more
India’s Renewable Energy Status and Targets Current Status of Renewable Energy
India has achieved considerable success in renewable energy, ranking as the world’s 3rd largest producer. In 2023, India’s installed renewable energy capacity is 179.5 GW, which comprises:
– Solar Power: ~72 GW
– Wind Energy: ~46 GW
– Bioenergy: ~10 GW
– Small Hydro: ~5 GW
Targets to be Achieved
India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 to meet its Net Zero emissions target by 2070. The key goals include:
– 175 GW renewable energy by 2022 (achieved ~120 GW).
– 450 GW by 2030, revised to 500 GW under COP26 commitments.
– Increasing solar energy through schemes like PM-KUSUM and the
Rooftop Solar Programme.
Significance of the National Programme on LEDs LED, which aims at the provision of an essential reduction in energy usage by LEDs. They have distributed over 37 crore LED bulbs while saving annually around 48 billion kWh.
There has been a reduction in CO₂ emissions by almost ~39 million tons annually.
Promotes energy efficiency, reduces electricity bills, and enhances sustainability.
India’s renewable energy push and adoption of LED is critical for the country’s energy security and sustainability. Strong implementation will ensure a cleaner, greener future.
See lessIndia is on the brink of a major transformation in its energy sector, with plans to significantly increase the nation's energy capacity. What factors contribute to making this transformation both sustainable and inclusive? ( 200 Words)
Model Answer Introduction India's energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation: Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation RenewableRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
India’s energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation aimed at increasing its energy capacity, with a strong focus on sustainability and inclusivity. Several key factors contribute to this transformation:
Sustainability of India’s Energy Transformation
India’s commitment to renewable energy is at the core of its sustainable energy transformation. From 2014 to 2023, India’s cumulative renewable energy capacity surged from 35 GW to 174.53 GW, with a target of 500 GW by 2030. This growth highlights India’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and meeting global climate goals.
Energy efficiency is crucial for sustainability. The National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) promotes energy-efficient practices across sectors, reducing energy consumption while meeting growing demands.
India is investing heavily in innovative energy solutions. For example, the Green Hydrogen Mission aims to develop green hydrogen as a clean energy storage solution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.
Inclusivity of India’s Energy Transformation
India’s energy transformation is also gender-inclusive, with policies addressing women’s unique needs. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, which provides LPG connections to women, reduces health risks associated with traditional biomass fuels, empowering women and improving their quality of life.
Ensuring equitable access to energy is vital for poverty alleviation. The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) aims to achieve universal household electrification, ensuring that no household is left behind in the energy transition.
Local communities are engaged through initiatives like the PM-Kusum scheme, which provides subsidies for solar irrigation pumps, and the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, which supports residential rooftop solar panel installation, creating grassroots participation in the energy transformation.
Conclusion
While India’s energy transformation is both sustainable and inclusive, challenges like high transmission losses and financing remain. However, continued policy commitment and investment are crucial for achieving long-term success.
See lessIndia is promoting Energy Storage Systems (ESS) as an integral part of its power infrastructure. What are the benefits associated with Energy Storage Systems (ESS)? Comment on the policy initiatives offered by the government for its promotion.(200 Words)
Model Answer Introduction India is working towards incorporating Energy Storage Systems (ESS) into its power infrastructure to support its transition towards renewable energy. ESS are critical in managing intermittent renewable energy, such as wind and solar, and ensuring grid stability. In August 2Read more
Model Answer
Introduction
India is working towards incorporating Energy Storage Systems (ESS) into its power infrastructure to support its transition towards renewable energy. ESS are critical in managing intermittent renewable energy, such as wind and solar, and ensuring grid stability. In August 2023, the Ministry of Power introduced the National Framework for Promoting ESS to boost their role in the country’s energy landscape.
Benefits of Energy Storage Systems (ESS)
Government Policy Initiatives
Conclusion
ESS play a vital role in managing India’s transition to a renewable energy-driven economy. The government’s supportive policies, such as the legal recognition of ESS and incentivizing energy storage integration, will help achieve the country’s energy security and sustainability goals.
See lessWhat is the current status of Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE) adoption, and what are the key challenges hindering its widespread implementation?(200 Words)
Model Answer India has made considerable progress in adopting Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE), focusing on generating and utilizing renewable energy at the point of consumption. As of now, there are over 500,000 DRE installations across the country, including technologies such as solar-poweredRead more
Model Answer
India has made considerable progress in adopting Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE), focusing on generating and utilizing renewable energy at the point of consumption. As of now, there are over 500,000 DRE installations across the country, including technologies such as solar-powered irrigation and pumps. In 2021, approximately 179 million people gained access to electricity through DRE solutions, a significant increase from just 35 million in 2012. In 2022, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy launched a framework to promote DRE livelihood applications, aiming to enhance access to sustainable energy in rural and remote areas. This underscores the growing importance of DRE in meeting India’s renewable energy goals.
Key Challenges in DRE Adoption
1. Policy and Regulatory Barriers
2. Financial and Investment Challenges
3. Technical Challenges
Conclusion
To overcome these challenges, India must implement stronger policy incentives, attract increased private sector participation, and support the development of emerging technologies in DRE. The government, in collaboration with the private sector, can play a crucial role in promoting DRE through improved financing models, regulatory frameworks, and technological adoption.
See lessWhat are the key challenges India faces in expanding its nuclear energy infrastructure to meet its net-zero targets?(200 Words)
Model Answer Key Challenges in Expanding Nuclear Energy in India India faces several significant challenges in expanding its nuclear energy infrastructure to meet its net-zero emission targets. These include issues related to resource dependency, investment barriers, and social concerns. 1. Import DRead more
Model Answer
Key Challenges in Expanding Nuclear Energy in India
India faces several significant challenges in expanding its nuclear energy infrastructure to meet its net-zero emission targets. These include issues related to resource dependency, investment barriers, and social concerns.
1. Import Dependency
India’s nuclear energy infrastructure is heavily reliant on imports for uranium, which raises sustainability concerns. Between 2019-2022, India imported over 7,600 tonnes of uranium, primarily from Kazakhstan and Canada. This import dependency makes the long-term sustainability of nuclear energy uncertain and exposes the country to global supply chain disruptions. Investment Barriers The high capital cost of building nuclear power plants, along with prolonged profitability horizons, presents a significant investment challenge. Nuclear projects are capital-intensive and have long lead times, often extending beyond a decade. Licensing and regulatory hurdles further delay project timelines, deterring both domestic and foreign investment .
2. Energy
Nuclear energy is more expensive compared to other renewable sources. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from solar and wind energy stands at approximately $40 per megawatt-hour, while nuclear plants average around $175 per megawatt-hour. This cost disparity makes nuclear energy less competitive, especially as India pushes for more affordable and sustainable energy sources .
3. Wast
The disposal and storage of nuclear waste remain a major concern. Nuclear waste remains hazardous for long periods, requiring secure storage solutions. India currently lacks a comprehensive and long-term plan for managing nuclear waste, which complicates the expansion of nuclear energy .
4. Land Acquisitcal Opposition
Acquiring land for new nuclear power plants is a complex process, often hampered by legal challenges, local opposition, and competing land uses. For example, the proposed installation of six French reactors in Maharashtra has faced delays due to land acquisition difficulties and local protests .
5. Water Scarcity
Nuclelants require significant amounts of water for cooling reactors. As many rivers and water bodies are facing depletion, the availability of reliable water sources for these plants is becoming increasingly uncertain .
To meet its net-zero goals, India must ade challenges by enhancing its resource security, investing in technological innovations for waste management, and fostering public and investor support for nuclear energy expansion.
See lessWhat challenges does India encounter in achieving energy security, and what recent measures have been implemented to address these challenges? (200 words)
Model Answer Challenges to India's Energy Security Policy-related Issues India struggles to attract substantial international investment in domestic hydrocarbon exploration. Notably, initiatives like the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) and the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HERead more
Model Answer
Challenges to India’s Energy Security
India struggles to attract substantial international investment in domestic hydrocarbon exploration. Notably, initiatives like the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) and the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) have not generated the anticipated interest from global energy players. Delays due to regulatory and environmental clearances further hinder coal mining and domestic energy production .
Over 80% of India’s energy needs rely on coal, oil, and natural gas, of which the country has limited domestic reserves. This dependency drives up the import bill, increases fuel subsidies, and worsens the Current Account Deficit (CAD), exposing the economy to price volatility in the global market .
In rural areas, biomass constitutes around 85-90% of primary fuel for cooking, posing health risks due to indoor air pollution. The lack of skilled labor and developed infrastructure impedes progress in making energy accessible across all regions (source: provided content).
Global political tensions, such as those between the USA and Iran, complicate India’s energy imports. These geopolitical dynamics force India to adjust its import strategy, as seen with reduced oil imports from Iran .
Measures Implemented for Energy Security
- Efficiency Enhancement Initiatives
- Strategic Petroleum Reserves
- Policy and Scenario Planning
- Energy Diplomacy and Accessibility
See lessIndia launched the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, which conducts cost-benefit analyses on energy-efficient technologies across sectors. Additionally, BS VI vehicle fuel efficiency standards were introduced in 2020 to reduce emissions .
The establishment of strategic petroleum reserves under the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd. aims to mitigate supply disruptions due to external crises, such as conflicts or natural disasters .
The India Energy Security Scenarios, 2047, launched by NITI Aayog, enables India to model future energy scenarios and prioritize renewable energy. India aims to source 50% of its energy from renewables by 2030.
The Indo-US Nuclear Deal enhances India’s nuclear energy capabilities. Programs like the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana promote clean cooking fuel in rural areas, and the PM KUSUM scheme supports solar irrigation. Additionally, “Energy Atmanirbharta” by 2040 aims to boost energy self-sufficiency
Explain the role of Nanotechnology towards a more sustainable environment.
Canada has 4 profound effects of nanotechnology on environmental sustainability: The Environmental Benefits of Nanotechnology. The ability to build devices with nanoscale precision is known as nanotechnology, and it has become an invaluable weapon in fighting environmental threats. Developing possibRead more
Canada has 4 profound effects of nanotechnology on environmental sustainability: The Environmental Benefits of Nanotechnology.
The ability to build devices with nanoscale precision is known as nanotechnology, and it has become an invaluable weapon in fighting environmental threats. Developing possibilities to use nanomaterials has already led to the emergence of trends that are likely to revolutionize different industries.
Clean Energy Technologies
-Enhanced Solar Cells: The power generation ability of solar cells can be improved by way of nanotechnology in fabricating the devices which helps to increase light collection efficiency while reducing production cost.
-Next Generation Batteries: With the incorporation of nanotechnology into batteries it would be possible to increase the charging rate and overall energy density making it more efficient and sustainable.
– Fuel Cell Technologies: Fuel cells are devices that convert hydrogen to energy and with nanotechnology these devices will be produced in a way that they will be more energy effective and last longer which will contribute to the use of clean energy.
Water Purification and Conservation
-Nanofiltration Membranes: Unique membranes that may be used to turn normal water to purify contaminated water fit for human consumption and other utility.
-Nano-Deployment in Water Treatment: The use of nanomaterials in water helps to improve the quality of water without the harmful addition of chemicals since they are able to degrade pollutants as well as act as sterilizing agents.
Agriculture for Sustainability
-Nanopesticides: This method allows the use of focus on usage pesticides which are more efficient and environmentally friendly.
-Nanofertilizers: These fertilizers are helpful in increasing the efficiency of plant nutrient absorption and thus may reduce the over reliance on fertilisers.
-Nano-Material-Based Sensors: These sensors can monitor soil and plant health thus promoting precision farming and reducing waste.
Environmental Remediation
Nanomaterial-Based Catalysts Nanomaterial-based catalysts can be used to enhance the degradation of toxic substances in water and soil.
Sorbent Materials Made From Nanomaterials These materials are promising in the detoxification of air and water.
Though there is great optimism on the use of nanotechnology for supporting environmental sustainability, one would have to really take the necessary steps to analyze each step of potential risks and ensure responsible usage to guarantee its safe and beneficial use. On one hand, we shall exploit the power of nanomaterials, on the other, we shall be aware of their potential consequences.
See lessWhat is energy? Describe its different forms. Discuss renewable energy in detail.
Introduction: Energy is the capacity to perform work or produce change. It exists in various forms and is essential for powering all activities and processes in both natural and human-engineered systems. Different Forms of Energy: Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion. For example, a moving car or flRead more
Introduction: Energy is the capacity to perform work or produce change. It exists in various forms and is essential for powering all activities and processes in both natural and human-engineered systems.
Different Forms of Energy:
Renewable Energy: Renewable energy comes from sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have minimal environmental impact and are sustainable.
1. Solar Energy:
2. Wind Energy:
3. Hydropower:
4. Biomass Energy:
5. Geothermal Energy:
Benefits of Renewable Energy:
Challenges:
Conclusion: Energy exists in various forms, each essential for different applications. Renewable energy, with its diverse sources like solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal, offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Recent advancements in renewable energy technologies and projects illustrate their growing importance in the global energy landscape.
See lessWhen was Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Energy Mission (JNNSM) started?
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Energy Mission (JNNSM) की शुरुआत कब हुई? **1. JNNSM का परिचय: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Energy Mission (JNNSM): यह मिशन भारत सरकार द्वारा शुरू किया गया एक प्रमुख पहल है, जिसका उद्देश्य भारत में सौर ऊर्जा के उत्पादन और उपयोग को बढ़ावा देना है। इसका नाम पहले प्रधाRead more
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Energy Mission (JNNSM) की शुरुआत कब हुई?
**1. JNNSM का परिचय:
**2. शुरुआत की तारीख:
**3. मिशन के उद्देश्य और लक्ष्य:
**4. हाल के उदाहरण और प्रगति:
**5. वर्तमान स्थिति और भविष्य की दिशा:
**6. निष्कर्ष:
- सारांश: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Energy Mission (JNNSM) की शुरुआत 11 जनवरी 2010 को की गई थी। यह मिशन भारत में सौर ऊर्जा के विकास और उपयोग को बढ़ावा देने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कदम है, जो वैश्विक जलवायु लक्ष्यों की दिशा में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दे रहा है। हाल के वर्षों में, भारत ने सौर ऊर्जा के क्षेत्र में कई सफलताएँ हासिल की हैं और भविष्य में इस क्षेत्र में और भी प्रगति की उम्मीद है।
See lessWhat do you mean by conventional source of energy?
Conventional Sources of Energy **1. Definition of Conventional Sources of Energy: Conventional Sources of Energy: These are traditional sources of energy that have been used for many years and are primarily derived from natural resources. They are typically non-renewable and have been the primary soRead more
Conventional Sources of Energy
**1. Definition of Conventional Sources of Energy:
**2. Types of Conventional Sources of Energy:
**3. Advantages of Conventional Sources:
**4. Disadvantages of Conventional Sources:
**5. Recent Examples and Trends:
**6. Conclusion:
- Summary: Conventional sources of energy, including fossil fuels and nuclear energy, have been the cornerstone of industrial development and economic growth. However, their environmental impact and finite nature highlight the need for a transition to more sustainable and renewable energy sources. The ongoing advancements in energy technology and policy shifts towards renewable energy reflect the global effort to address these challenges.
See less