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Energy

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Home/Indian Economy/Energy/Page 2

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 27, 2024In:
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Talk about the reasons for India’s energy dilemma in (125 Words) [UPPSC 2019]

uppsc: energy
  1. Sanaya Gowda
    Sanaya Gowda Begginer

    Causes of Energy Crisis in India 1. High Dependence on Fossil Fuels: Limited Reserves: India relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas, which are finite resources. The Coal India Limited (CIL) has faced challenges in meeting the rising demand due to limited reserves and slow production increases.Read more

    Causes of Energy Crisis in India

    1. High Dependence on Fossil Fuels:

    • Limited Reserves: India relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas, which are finite resources. The Coal India Limited (CIL) has faced challenges in meeting the rising demand due to limited reserves and slow production increases.
    • Import Dependency: A significant portion of oil and gas is imported, making the country vulnerable to global price fluctuations and supply disruptions.

    2. Insufficient Infrastructure:

    • Power Generation and Distribution: Inadequate infrastructure for power generation, transmission, and distribution leads to inefficiencies and losses. For instance, the frequent power outages in rural areas highlight the infrastructural deficiencies.

    3. Inefficient Energy Use:

    • Outdated Technology: Many industries and homes use outdated and inefficient technologies, leading to excessive energy consumption. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has been working to address this issue, but progress is slow.

    4. Environmental Concerns:

    • Regulatory Constraints: Stringent environmental regulations limit the expansion of fossil fuel-based energy sources. For example, the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) aims to reduce air pollution, impacting the expansion of coal-based power plants.

    Conclusion: India’s energy crisis is driven by dependence on fossil fuels, insufficient infrastructure, inefficient energy use, and environmental constraints. Addressing these issues requires increased investment in renewable energy, upgrading infrastructure, and promoting energy efficiency.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 24, 2024In:
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“S.CNG”: What is it? Describe the various applications for it. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

uppsc: energy
  1. Tanu Singh
    Tanu Singh Learner

    Definition: S.CNG stands for Suction-Cooled Compressed Natural Gas. It is a type of compressed natural gas (CNG) used in automobile engines. Unlike traditional CNG, S.CNG is cooled before entering the engine, enhancing its performance and efficiency. Uses: 1. Automotive Fuel: S.CNG is primarily usedRead more

    Definition: S.CNG stands for Suction-Cooled Compressed Natural Gas. It is a type of compressed natural gas (CNG) used in automobile engines. Unlike traditional CNG, S.CNG is cooled before entering the engine, enhancing its performance and efficiency.

    Uses:

    1. Automotive Fuel: S.CNG is primarily used as a cleaner alternative to petrol and diesel in vehicles, reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. It improves fuel efficiency and lowers running costs.

    2. Power Generation: It can be used in stationary engines for power generation, providing a more environmentally friendly option compared to coal or diesel.

    3. Industrial Applications: S.CNG is utilized in industrial processes where clean fuel is required, contributing to reduced air pollution and lower operational costs.

    Recent examples include the implementation of S.CNG in public transport systems in cities like Delhi and Mumbai, which aim to curb urban air pollution and promote sustainable transportation solutions.

    In summary, S.CNG offers environmental benefits and economic advantages across various applications, supporting cleaner and more efficient energy use.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Describe the nation’s current situation with regard to renewable energy sources and the goals that need to be met. In a few sentences, explain the significance of the National Program on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (200 words) [UPSC 2016]

upsc: energy
  1. Sumit Dutta
    Sumit Dutta Begginer

    Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India 1. Current Status: India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024: Installed Capacity: India’s total installed renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 200 GW, contributing aboRead more

    Current Status and Targets of Renewable Energy Sources in India

    1. Current Status:

    India has made significant strides in the renewable energy sector over recent years. As of 2024:

    • Installed Capacity: India’s total installed renewable energy capacity has reached approximately 200 GW, contributing about 20% of the total electricity generation.
    • Solar Power: Solar power accounts for around 60 GW, with significant solar parks like the Pavagada Solar Park in Karnataka.
    • Wind Power: Wind energy contributes about 40 GW, with major wind farms located in states like Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
    • Hydropower: Hydropower installations add up to 45 GW, though new projects have been limited due to environmental concerns.

    2. Targets:

    India has ambitious goals under its National Renewable Energy Mission:

    • By 2030: Target to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity.
    • Solar Power: Aim to reach 280 GW of solar power capacity.
    • Wind Power: Target to install 60 GW of wind power capacity.
    • Total Renewable Energy: Achieve a total of 50% of the electricity mix from renewable sources.

    3. Importance of the National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs):

    a. Energy Efficiency:

    The National Programme on LEDs aims to promote the use of energy-efficient LED lighting across the country. It is crucial for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the Prakash Path Programme has led to the installation of over 36 crore LED bulbs, significantly reducing electricity demand.

    b. Cost Savings:

    LED lighting offers substantial cost savings due to its low energy consumption and long lifespan. It has resulted in reduced electricity bills for households and institutions.

    c. Environmental Impact:

    By replacing incandescent bulbs with LEDs, India is decreasing its carbon footprint, thereby contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts.

    d. Government Initiatives:

    The UJALA Scheme (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All) has been pivotal in this transition, making LED bulbs more accessible and affordable to the general public.

    Conclusion:

    India’s focus on expanding renewable energy and promoting LED lighting underscores its commitment to sustainable development and energy efficiency. The targets and initiatives reflect a strategic approach towards meeting the country’s growing energy needs while addressing environmental concerns.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 23, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define nuclear energy and its global significance. State India’s context as a growing energy consumer and the necessity for a diverse energy mix. Benefits of Expanding Nuclear Energy in India High Energy Potential Describe the capacity of existing nuclear plants like ...

upsc: energy
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world's second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world’s second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energy demands driven by rapid economic growth and urbanization. A diverse energy mix that includes nuclear power is essential for sustaining this growth.

    Benefits of Expanding Nuclear Energy

    High Energy Potential

    Nuclear power plants, such as the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP), can generate significant energy from relatively small infrastructure. Currently, KNPP has two operational units with a total capacity of 2,000 MW. The expansion plans include units three and four, expected to be operational by 2024, eventually increasing the total capacity to 6,000 MW by 2027, making it India’s largest nuclear facility.

    Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions

    Nuclear energy is a low-carbon technology, contributing only 5% to India’s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 while generating 3.1% of the country’s electricity.  This positions nuclear power as a crucial player in climate change mitigation.

    Energy Security

    India’s nuclear program, particularly its focus on utilizing domestic thorium reserves, enhances energy security. The three-stage nuclear power program is designed to leverage these resources effectively.

    Concerns Associated with Nuclear Energy

    Regulatory and Policy Hurdles

    The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has faced criticism for its limited autonomy, raising concerns about safety and oversight in the nuclear sector.

    Risk of Nuclear Accidents

    Historical disasters, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, highlight the catastrophic risks associated with nuclear energy, contributing to public fear and resistance.

    High Initial Costs

    The substantial investment required for nuclear projects, along with lengthy construction timelines, can deter development, as seen with the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station unit-3.

    Nuclear Waste Management

    The long-term management of radioactive waste remains unresolved, posing a significant challenge to the nuclear energy agenda.

    Public Acceptance

    Widespread apprehension regarding nuclear safety and waste disposal complicates efforts to gain public support for new projects.

    Conclusion

    While expanding nuclear energy presents significant opportunities for India to meet its energy needs and climate objectives, it also involves considerable risks and challenges. A balanced approach that emphasizes safety, regulatory diligence, and public engagement is essential for the sustainable development of nuclear energy in India.

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Harsh SinghBegginer
Asked: August 22, 2024In: ,
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  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    India's Renewable Energy Status and Targets Current Status of Renewable Energy India has achieved considerable success in renewable energy, ranking as the world's 3rd largest producer. In 2023, India's installed renewable energy capacity is 179.5 GW, which comprises: - Solar Power: ~72 GW - Wind EneRead more

    India’s Renewable Energy Status and Targets Current Status of Renewable Energy

    India has achieved considerable success in renewable energy, ranking as the world’s 3rd largest producer. In 2023, India’s installed renewable energy capacity is 179.5 GW, which comprises:
    – Solar Power: ~72 GW
    – Wind Energy: ~46 GW
    – Bioenergy: ~10 GW
    – Small Hydro: ~5 GW
    Targets to be Achieved

    India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 to meet its Net Zero emissions target by 2070. The key goals include:
    – 175 GW renewable energy by 2022 (achieved ~120 GW).
    – 450 GW by 2030, revised to 500 GW under COP26 commitments.
    – Increasing solar energy through schemes like PM-KUSUM and the
    Rooftop Solar Programme.
    Significance of the National Programme on LEDs LED, which aims at the provision of an essential reduction in energy usage by LEDs. They have distributed over 37 crore LED bulbs while saving annually around 48 billion kWh.

    There has been a reduction in CO₂ emissions by almost ~39 million tons annually.
    Promotes energy efficiency, reduces electricity bills, and enhances sustainability.

    India’s renewable energy push and adoption of LED is critical for the country’s energy security and sustainability. Strong implementation will ensure a cleaner, greener future.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Explain the advantages of using sunlight to generate electricity as opposed to more traditional methods of energy production. What programs does our government have available for this purpose? (250 words) [UPSC 2020]

upsc: energy
  1. Krishna Vasudev
    Krishna Vasudev Learner

    Benefits of Deriving Electric Energy from Sunlight Renewable Resource: Sustainability: Solar energy is a renewable resource, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and depleting. The sun provides an abundant and continuous supply of energy. Environmental Impact: Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions:Read more

    Benefits of Deriving Electric Energy from Sunlight

    1. Renewable Resource:
      • Sustainability: Solar energy is a renewable resource, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and depleting. The sun provides an abundant and continuous supply of energy.
    2. Environmental Impact:
      • Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Solar power generation does not emit greenhouse gases or other pollutants during operation. This helps in mitigating climate change and improving air quality. Example: Transitioning to solar power reduces reliance on coal-fired power plants, leading to lower carbon emissions.
    3. Decreased Energy Costs:
      • Lower Operational Costs: Once solar panels are installed, the cost of generating electricity is minimal compared to conventional energy sources that require ongoing fuel costs. Example: After the initial investment, solar energy can significantly lower electricity bills for households and businesses.
    4. Energy Security and Independence:
      • Reduced Dependence on Imported Fuels: Solar energy enhances energy security by reducing dependency on imported fossil fuels, which can be subject to price volatility and supply disruptions.
    5. Job Creation and Economic Growth:
      • Employment Opportunities: The solar energy sector creates jobs in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance, contributing to economic growth. Example: The solar industry has become a significant source of employment in many countries, including India.

    Government Initiatives for Solar Energy

    1. National Solar Mission:
      • Objective: Part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, this mission aims to promote solar energy deployment across the country. Example: It targets 100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022.
    2. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM):
      • Objective: This scheme aims to support farmers in installing solar panels for agricultural pumps, promoting solar energy in rural areas. Example: It provides subsidies and incentives for farmers to switch to solar-powered irrigation.
    3. Solar Rooftop Subsidy Scheme:
      • Objective: Encourages residential, commercial, and industrial buildings to install rooftop solar panels by offering subsidies. Example: The scheme provides financial incentives to reduce the upfront cost of solar installations.
    4. Grid-Connected Solar Power Projects:
      • Objective: Promotes large-scale solar power projects connected to the national grid, boosting renewable energy generation. Example: The Solar Park Scheme facilitates the development of large solar parks with dedicated infrastructure.
    5. FAME India Scheme (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles):
      • Objective: While primarily aimed at electric vehicles, this scheme supports the integration of solar energy in EV charging infrastructure. Example: It promotes the use of renewable energy sources for charging electric vehicles.

    These initiatives are designed to accelerate the adoption of solar energy, enhance energy security, and contribute to sustainable development.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 22, 2024In:
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Do you believe that by 2030, renewable energy sources will account for half of India’s energy needs? Explain your response. How can switching subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources aid in achieving the aforementioned goal? Describe. (250 words) ...

upsc: energy
  1. Asha Patil
    Asha Patil Begginer

    India's Renewable Energy Goals for 2030 **1. Feasibility of Meeting 50% Renewable Energy Target: India's Commitment: India has set a target of achieving 50% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030 as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This amRead more

    India’s Renewable Energy Goals for 2030

    **1. Feasibility of Meeting 50% Renewable Energy Target:

    • India’s Commitment: India has set a target of achieving 50% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030 as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This ambitious goal is supported by significant investments in solar and wind energy.
    • Current Progress: As of early 2024, India has achieved around 25% of its total installed capacity from renewable sources, with a notable increase in solar and wind installations. For instance, India’s solar power capacity reached 64.7 GW by March 2023, and the government is actively working to expand this further.

    **2. Recent Developments:

    • International Partnerships: India’s involvement in international initiatives, such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA), helps in mobilizing resources and technology for renewable energy projects.
    • Policy Support: Policies like the National Solar Mission and the Green Energy Corridor aim to boost renewable energy integration and grid stability.

    **3. Role of Subsidy Shift in Achieving Targets:

    • Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependence: Shifting subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables would reduce the financial burden on renewable energy projects and make them more competitive. Currently, fossil fuel subsidies distort market prices and delay the transition to cleaner energy.
    • Encouraging Investment: Redirecting subsidies to renewables would incentivize private sector investment and lower the cost of renewable technologies. For example, the Government of India’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for solar modules aims to enhance domestic manufacturing and reduce costs.
    • Supporting Infrastructure: Subsidies can be used to develop necessary infrastructure, such as battery storage and smart grids, which are essential for managing the intermittency of renewable energy sources.

    **4. Challenges and Mitigation:

    • Grid Stability: Integrating a high share of renewables requires upgrades in grid infrastructure to handle variable energy supplies. Investments in smart grids and energy storage solutions are crucial.
    • Policy and Regulatory Framework: Ensuring consistent and supportive policies is essential for attracting investments and achieving targets. The Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) mandates ensure that utilities meet renewable energy requirements.

    Conclusion: Achieving the 50% renewable energy target by 2030 is feasible with continued commitment, technological advancements, and a strategic shift in subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This transition will not only support India’s climate goals but also drive sustainable economic growth.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 20, 2024In:
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Analyze the technical and financial feasibility of Indian solar energy initiatives. Talk about the government initiatives put in place to advance solar energy throughout the nation.  (200 Words) [UPPSC 2022]

uppsc: energy
  1. Manan Deshmukh
    Manan Deshmukh Begginer

    Financial and Technical Viability of Solar Energy Projects in India Financial Viability: Cost Trends: The cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has significantly decreased due to technological advancements and economies of scale. Solar power tariffs have fallen below conventional sources like cRead more

    Financial and Technical Viability of Solar Energy Projects in India

    Financial Viability:

    1. Cost Trends: The cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has significantly decreased due to technological advancements and economies of scale. Solar power tariffs have fallen below conventional sources like coal, making it increasingly cost-competitive.
    2. Investment Opportunities: Solar projects attract substantial private investment and are supported by international funding. Programs like National Solar Mission aim to boost solar power capacity through investments and subsidies.
    3. Return on Investment: Long-term savings on energy costs and financial incentives from various schemes improve the return on investment. Solar energy projects also benefit from depreciation benefits and tax incentives.

    Technical Viability:

    1. Resource Availability: India has high solar irradiance levels, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh, making it technically feasible to harness solar energy effectively.
    2. Infrastructure: The development of solar parks, improved grid infrastructure, and battery storage technologies enhances the reliability and efficiency of solar power.

    Government Schemes:

    1. National Solar Mission (NSM): Launched under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, it aims to achieve a cumulative solar power capacity of 100 GW by 2022.
    2. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM): Supports farmers in setting up solar water pumps and grid-connected solar power plants.
    3. Solar Rooftop Subsidy Scheme: Provides financial incentives for the installation of solar rooftop systems on residential, commercial, and institutional buildings.
    4. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM): Focuses on deploying large-scale solar power projects and promoting research and development in solar technology.

    Conclusion: Solar energy projects in India are financially and technically viable, supported by decreasing costs and favorable resource availability. Government schemes further bolster this sector by providing financial incentives and facilitating infrastructure development.

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