Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define nuclear energy and its global significance. State India’s context as a growing energy consumer and the necessity for a diverse energy mix. Benefits of Expanding Nuclear Energy in India High Energy Potential Describe the capacity of existing nuclear plants like ...
India's Renewable Energy Status and Targets Current Status of Renewable Energy India has achieved considerable success in renewable energy, ranking as the world's 3rd largest producer. In 2023, India's installed renewable energy capacity is 179.5 GW, which comprises: - Solar Power: ~72 GW - Wind EneRead more
India’s Renewable Energy Status and Targets Current Status of Renewable Energy
India has achieved considerable success in renewable energy, ranking as the world’s 3rd largest producer. In 2023, India’s installed renewable energy capacity is 179.5 GW, which comprises:
– Solar Power: ~72 GW
– Wind Energy: ~46 GW
– Bioenergy: ~10 GW
– Small Hydro: ~5 GW
Targets to be Achieved
India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 to meet its Net Zero emissions target by 2070. The key goals include:
– 175 GW renewable energy by 2022 (achieved ~120 GW).
– 450 GW by 2030, revised to 500 GW under COP26 commitments.
– Increasing solar energy through schemes like PM-KUSUM and the
Rooftop Solar Programme.
Significance of the National Programme on LEDs LED, which aims at the provision of an essential reduction in energy usage by LEDs. They have distributed over 37 crore LED bulbs while saving annually around 48 billion kWh.
There has been a reduction in CO₂ emissions by almost ~39 million tons annually.
Promotes energy efficiency, reduces electricity bills, and enhances sustainability.
India’s renewable energy push and adoption of LED is critical for the country’s energy security and sustainability. Strong implementation will ensure a cleaner, greener future.
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Model Answer Introduction Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world's second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Since the 1950s, nuclear power has emerged as a substantial source of low-carbon energy, contributing to 10% of global electricity through approximately 440 reactors. India, as the world’s second-most populous nation and third-largest energy consumer, faces increasing energy demands driven by rapid economic growth and urbanization. A diverse energy mix that includes nuclear power is essential for sustaining this growth.
Benefits of Expanding Nuclear Energy
High Energy Potential
Nuclear power plants, such as the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP), can generate significant energy from relatively small infrastructure. Currently, KNPP has two operational units with a total capacity of 2,000 MW. The expansion plans include units three and four, expected to be operational by 2024, eventually increasing the total capacity to 6,000 MW by 2027, making it India’s largest nuclear facility.
Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Nuclear energy is a low-carbon technology, contributing only 5% to India’s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 while generating 3.1% of the country’s electricity. This positions nuclear power as a crucial player in climate change mitigation.
Energy Security
India’s nuclear program, particularly its focus on utilizing domestic thorium reserves, enhances energy security. The three-stage nuclear power program is designed to leverage these resources effectively.
Concerns Associated with Nuclear Energy
Regulatory and Policy Hurdles
The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has faced criticism for its limited autonomy, raising concerns about safety and oversight in the nuclear sector.
Risk of Nuclear Accidents
Historical disasters, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, highlight the catastrophic risks associated with nuclear energy, contributing to public fear and resistance.
High Initial Costs
The substantial investment required for nuclear projects, along with lengthy construction timelines, can deter development, as seen with the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station unit-3.
Nuclear Waste Management
The long-term management of radioactive waste remains unresolved, posing a significant challenge to the nuclear energy agenda.
Public Acceptance
Widespread apprehension regarding nuclear safety and waste disposal complicates efforts to gain public support for new projects.
Conclusion
While expanding nuclear energy presents significant opportunities for India to meet its energy needs and climate objectives, it also involves considerable risks and challenges. A balanced approach that emphasizes safety, regulatory diligence, and public engagement is essential for the sustainable development of nuclear energy in India.
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