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Technology Missions in Agriculture

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Home/Agriculture & Food Management/Technology Missions in Agriculture

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Tallya 1995
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Tallya 1995Begginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In: ,
  • 3

what are the benefits of artificial intelligence?

artificial intelligence
  1. Pristy Bright
    Pristy Bright Begginer

    Artificial intelligence (AI) offers numerous benefits across various fields: 1. Automation: AI automates repetitive tasks, freeing up human workers for more creative and strategic endeavors. 2. Decision Making: AI analyzes vast amounts of data quickly, helping businesses and organizations make inforRead more

    Artificial intelligence (AI) offers numerous benefits across various fields:

    1. Automation: AI automates repetitive tasks, freeing up human workers for more creative and strategic endeavors.

    2. Decision Making: AI analyzes vast amounts of data quickly, helping businesses and organizations make informed decisions.

    3. Efficiency: AI improves efficiency by streamlining processes and reducing errors, leading to cost savings and higher productivity.

    4. Personalization: AI powers personalized experiences, from shopping recommendations to tailored healthcare treatments.

    5. Innovation: AI fosters innovation by enabling the development of new products and services that were previously unimaginable.

    6. Safety: AI enhances safety in industries like healthcare and transportation through predictive maintenance and risk detection.

    7. Accessibility: AI can make services more accessible to people with disabilities, such as speech recognition for the visually impaired.

    In essence, AI improves our lives by augmenting human capabilities and solving complex problems efficiently.

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Meghalina Chakraborty
  • 1
Meghalina ChakrabortyLearner
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • 1

Discuss measures India can take to mitigate climate change, such as: * Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. * Promoting energy efficiency in industries and buildings. * Sustainable forestry practices and afforestation programs. * Adaptation Strategies: Analyze strategies India can ...

agricultureclimate changefood securitysustainable development
  1. Brahma Teja
    Brahma Teja Begginer

    India faces significant challenges from the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, impacting its sustainable development goals. To mitigate and adapt to climate change, India can take the following measures: 1. Renewable Energy Transition: Expand solar, wind, and hydroelectricRead more

    India faces significant challenges from the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, impacting its sustainable development goals. To mitigate and adapt to climate change, India can take the following measures:

    1. Renewable Energy Transition: Expand solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
    2. Afforestation and Reforestation: Enhance carbon sinks by planting trees and restoring degraded forests.
    3. Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Develop drought-resistant crop varieties and improve water management practices.
    4. Infrastructure Resilience: Build flood defenses, improve drainage systems, and strengthen buildings to withstand extreme weather.
    5. Early Warning Systems: Implement advanced meteorological services for timely alerts and disaster preparedness.
    6. Sustainable Urban Planning: Design cities with green spaces, efficient public transport, and waste management systems.
    7. Public Awareness and Education: Promote climate literacy and community engagement in climate action.

    These measures can help India mitigate the impacts of climate change and adapt to its consequences, ensuring progress towards sustainable development.

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Panna Lal
  • 1
Panna LalBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In:
  • 1

Identifying the problems with agricultural extension in India, talk about how Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) are helping to improve the country’s system of agricultural research extension.

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Sammi Bhargav
    Sammi Bhargav Begginer

    Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education, training and assistance. It is aimed to develop agriculture practices through research and development. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has initiaRead more

    Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education, training and assistance. It is aimed to develop agriculture practices through research and development. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has initiated several extension approaches including Krishi Vigyan Kendras (1974) with its mandate ranging from vocational training to technology assessment and demonstration for its application and capacity development.

    However, there are various issues with agricultural extension in India, including

    • Low public spending on agriculture research and development despite the recommended expenditure of around 2 percent of GDP.
    • Deficiency of infrastructure such as irrigation, connectivity, electricity, logistics and price incentives limit the impact of extension services thereby hindering agriculture growth.
    • One-size-fits-all approach in a country with a large number of farmers categorized as small and marginal and not factoring in aspects such as resource availability, agro-climatic conditions etc.
    • Lack of capacity and resources within civil society organisations to make a significant impact across regions. Though NGO-led extension models offer far more variety and display sensitivity to local priorities and conditions.
    • Lack of functional coordination at field level among the government, private sector, NGOs and others providing agriculture extension services.
    • Absence of quality standards leaves questions of accountability, as the majority of farmers are not in a position to pursue legal remedies in case of erroneous or even harmful advice.

    Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in strengthening the national agricultural research extension system

    • Identifying farming systems, field problems and developing action plans: KVK scientists visit on the ground and identify the grass root level problems existing in the villages, which are pivotal for designing future action plans.
    • Technology development: Technology development is a continuous process and in this KVKs act as a crucial player in testing, adaptation and integration of proven technologies.
    • Front line demonstration: KVKs demonstrate proven technologies for the first time to convince farmers and extension workers to establish production potential of technologies on the farmers’ fields.
    • Capacity building: Through capacity development programs of farmers and extension personnel, KVKs update their knowledge and skills on modern agricultural technologies.
    • Work as knowledge and resource centre of agricultural technologies for supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector in improving the agricultural economy of the district.
    • Provide farm advisories using ICT and other media means on varied subjects of interest to farmers. Today, KVKs are the focal point for Assessment, Refinement and Demonstration of front line technologies for all developmental activities related to agriculture, community and industries in rural India.

    Due to changing agricultural conditions—including climate change, increasingly degraded and marginalized land coming into production, limited water availability, increasing use of inputs, rising fuel costs, and unknown market opportunities—farmers require access to timely, reliable, and relevant information that can support the complexity within which their farm enterprises operate.

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Nivedita Tiwari
  • 1
Nivedita TiwariBegginer
Asked: July 17, 2024In:
  • 1

How can technology missions in agriculture leverage advancements in AI and IoT to increase productivity and sustainability while ensuring equitable access for smallholder farmers in India?

  1. Akriti Pandey
    Akriti Pandey Enthusiast
Vaibhav Mishra
  • 0
Vaibhav MishraBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
  • 0

Talk about the steps the government has taken to address the issues of the digital divide and farmers’ lack of technological literacy, especially in light of the growing emphasis on the use of technology-based interventions in the agricultural sector. You ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Kartik Iyer
    Kartik Iyer Begginer

    Measures to Address the Digital Divide and Technological Literacy Among Farmers Introduction The increasing emphasis on technology-based interventions in agriculture aims to boost productivity and efficiency. However, challenges related to the digital divide and technological literacy among farmersRead more

    Measures to Address the Digital Divide and Technological Literacy Among Farmers

    Introduction

    The increasing emphasis on technology-based interventions in agriculture aims to boost productivity and efficiency. However, challenges related to the digital divide and technological literacy among farmers need to be addressed to ensure equitable access and inclusive adoption. This discussion explores the measures taken by the Indian government to bridge these gaps and evaluates their effectiveness.

    Government Measures to Address the Digital Divide and Technological Literacy

    1. Digital Infrastructure Development:
      • BharatNet Project: The BharatNet project aims to provide high-speed internet connectivity to rural areas, including agricultural regions. By laying optical fiber cables across the country, the project seeks to improve digital access for farmers.
      • Common Service Centres (CSCs): CSCs are established to provide digital services in rural areas. They offer various services including internet access, e-governance services, and digital literacy training. As of 2023, there are over 4 lakh CSCs operating across India.
    2. Technology-Based Agricultural Interventions:
      • eNAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market): eNAM is an online trading platform that connects farmers with markets across the country. It facilitates transparent pricing and reduces the role of middlemen. By August 2024, over 1,000 mandis are integrated with eNAM.
      • Kisan Suvidha App: The Kisan Suvidha App provides farmers with timely information on weather forecasts, crop prices, and agricultural advisories. It helps farmers make informed decisions and manage their resources better.
    3. Training and Capacity Building:
      • Digital India Programme: Under the Digital India Programme, the government has initiated various training programs to enhance digital literacy among farmers. Workshops and training sessions focus on using digital tools and platforms effectively.
      • Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs): KVKs play a critical role in training farmers on new technologies and best practices. They conduct field demonstrations and provide hands-on training to enhance technological literacy.
    4. Financial and Incentive Schemes:
      • Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): While primarily an insurance scheme, PMFBY incorporates technology by offering online claim processing and updates. This helps in making the scheme more accessible and user-friendly.
      • Subsidies for Agricultural Machinery: The government provides subsidies for purchasing advanced agricultural machinery and equipment through schemes like the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM). This helps in reducing the cost burden and encourages adoption.

    Evaluation of Effectiveness

    1. Improving Access and Connectivity:
      • Positive Impact: Projects like BharatNet and CSCs have made significant strides in improving digital infrastructure and access in rural areas. For instance, CSCs have provided essential digital services to remote locations, bridging the connectivity gap.
      • Challenges: Despite progress, connectivity issues persist in some regions due to infrastructure constraints and geographical challenges. Ensuring consistent and reliable internet access remains a challenge.
    2. Enhancing Technological Literacy:
      • Increased Awareness: Programs like the Digital India Programme and training by KVKs have increased awareness and literacy among farmers. The introduction of eNAM has empowered farmers with better market access and pricing information.
      • Adoption Barriers: Technological literacy varies among farmers, with some still facing challenges in using digital tools effectively. Factors such as language barriers, low digital literacy, and resistance to change affect adoption rates.
    3. Ensuring Equitable Access:
      • Supportive Measures: Schemes like PMFBY and subsidies for machinery help reduce financial barriers and promote the adoption of technology. These measures support farmers in leveraging technology for better outcomes.
      • Need for Inclusivity: To ensure equitable access, there is a need for targeted initiatives that address the specific needs of marginalized and less-tech-savvy farmers. Ensuring that technology is accessible in local languages and tailored to diverse agricultural practices is crucial.

    Recent Examples and Initiatives

    1. AI-Powered Advisory Services:
      • The ICAR’s Crop Pest Advisory App, which uses artificial intelligence to predict pest outbreaks and provide real-time recommendations, has been widely adopted in regions like Maharashtra and Punjab, enhancing farmers’ decision-making capabilities.
    2. Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency:
      • AgriDigital, a blockchain-based platform, is being piloted in Karnataka to improve transparency and efficiency in agricultural supply chains. This initiative aims to reduce fraud and ensure fair pricing for farmers.

    Conclusion

    The Indian government has implemented various measures to address the digital divide and enhance technological literacy among farmers. Projects like BharatNet, digital literacy programs, and technology-based interventions such as eNAM have made notable progress. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access and comprehensive adoption of these technologies. Continued efforts to improve infrastructure, provide targeted training, and address specific barriers will be essential in maximizing the benefits of technological advancements in agriculture and ensuring that all farmers can participate in and benefit from these innovations.

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Lakshmi Devi
  • 0
Lakshmi DeviBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In:
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India’s goal of doubling farmer income requires a disruptive approach to research and development (R&D), with an emphasis on last-mile responsibilities of the agricultural system. Talk about it.

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Preeti Singh
    Preeti Singh Begginer

    Geostrategic significant Central Asian region forms a part of India’s extended neighborhood. Its geographical proximity, strategic location, and historical linkages Geostrategic significant Central Asian region forms a part of India’s extended neighborhood. Its make it an important partner for IndiaRead more

    Geostrategic significant Central Asian region forms a part of India’s extended neighborhood. Its geographical proximity, strategic location, and historical linkages Geostrategic significant Central Asian region forms a part of India’s extended neighborhood. Its make it an important partner for India. At the heart of Eurasia, the region is surrounded by Russia, West Asia, South Asia (Afghanistan) and China. Any geopolitical changes in the region may impact several states in the neighbourhood including India. Central Asian countries are also endowed with commercially viable quantities of most minerals like coal, oil, gas, uranium, gold, lead etc. Despite the immense significance of the region resulting in the Connect Central Asia Policy of 2012, India has not been able to strengthen its ties with the Central Asian countries due to following reasons:

    • Poor connectivity: The key constraint that India faces is the lack of direct access to Central Asia. The adverse geographic terrain and the thorny India-Pakistan border dynamic, greatly impedes connectivity, thereby curbing greater economic cooperation between India and the region.
    • Unrealised trade potential: India’s trade with the region amounts to US$ 2 billion, which is less than 0.5 percent of India’s total trade. Whereas the region’s trade with China amounts to US$ 100 billion. Besides the physical barriers, trade regulatory hindrances and political fragility
    • Volatile security scenario: have created obstacles in the free flow of trade within the region. In addition to traditional security threats, instability in Afghanistan, hostility of Pakistan, concerns regarding confrontation between Iran and the United States, etc. diminishes reliability and safety required for trade and commerce, discouraging investments.
    • Internal dynamics: Delineation of borders by the Soviet communist leadership overlooked many ethnic, tribal, linguistic, geographical, and even economic factors. Consequently, the postSoviet era saw problems of governance, extreme and worsening corruption, drug trafficking, regulation of movement across the borders and many inter-state disputes in this region.

    Given the geostrategic and diplomatic significance of the region, it is important for India to deepen its relationship with countries in this region by:

    • Connectivity network: India is part of the Ashgabat Agreement since 2018. In the right context this can be further extended by linking connectivity initiatives in this region in one network e.g the INSTC, TAPI, Lapis Lazuli corridor, and the Chabahar port.
    • Deepening engagement: Building on the India-Central Asia Dialogue initiated in 2019, an India-Central Asia Forum Summit could be formulated on the lines of the India-Africa Forum Summit. It should also facilitate the setting up of the India-Central Asia Think Tank Forum to discuss and debate economics, history, politics, and business at the Track-2 level. It is in India’s interest to expeditiously finalise the much-awaited Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
    • Scope for cooperation: Apart from annual exercises (like KAZIND with Kazakhstan), defence cooperation should be institutionalised through mechanisms like Joint Working Group on defence related activities. An India-Central Asia Defence Expo could be organised. Also, there scope for expansion in sectors like dairy, pharma, IT, entertainment etc.
    • Capacity Building: India can strengthen its outreach in Central Asia by providing assistance in augmenting the social capital through programs like the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR).

    Central Asian regional dynamics will become very interesting with India’s involvement in the region in the coming years. Growing synergies between them will promote security, stability, economic growth and development of all countries.

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Vaibhav Mishra
  • 0
Vaibhav MishraBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine how technology missions could improve the target beneficiaries’ overall food and livelihood security by combining them with other social welfare programs like the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Dev Oberoi
    Dev Oberoi Begginer

    Integrating technology missions with social welfare programs like MGNREGA and PM-KISAN can significantly enhance food and livelihood security for beneficiaries by leveraging technological advancements to improve efficiency, transparency, and outreach. Here’s an analysis of the potential benefits andRead more

    Integrating technology missions with social welfare programs like MGNREGA and PM-KISAN can significantly enhance food and livelihood security for beneficiaries by leveraging technological advancements to improve efficiency, transparency, and outreach. Here’s an analysis of the potential benefits and measures required for effective implementation:

    Potential Benefits:

    1.Enhanced Efficiency and Transparency:

    • Technology can streamline processes such as registration, allocation of work, wage payments, and benefits distribution. This reduces delays, minimizes corruption, and ensures timely access to resources for beneficiaries.

    2. Improved Monitoring and Accountability:

    • Integrating technology allows for real-time monitoring of activities and expenditures, enabling authorities to track progress and identify bottlenecks promptly. This helps in ensuring that funds are utilized effectively and beneficiaries receive their entitlements.

    3. Better Targeting and Inclusion:

    • Technology can facilitate better identification and targeting of beneficiaries based on socio-economic criteria and geographic location. This ensures that the benefits reach those who need them the most, thereby enhancing inclusion.

    4. Data-Driven Decision Making:

    • By collecting and analyzing data through technological platforms, policymakers can make informed decisions to optimize resource allocation, design interventions, and address emerging challenges effectively.

    5. Capacity Building and Skill Development:

    • Technology integration promotes digital literacy and skills among beneficiaries, empowering them to access information, training, and opportunities beyond immediate welfare benefits.

    Measures for Seamless Convergence and Effective Implementation:

    1.Policy Alignment and Coordination:

    • Ensure that policies of technology missions and welfare programs are aligned to avoid duplication and conflict. Establish clear guidelines and coordination mechanisms between different implementing agencies.

    2. Infrastructure Development:

    • Invest in digital infrastructure (such as internet connectivity, mobile networks, and digital platforms) in rural and remote areas to ensure access for beneficiaries and smooth implementation of technology-driven initiatives.

    3. Capacity Building:

    • Train stakeholders, including government officials, frontline workers, and beneficiaries, in using digital platforms effectively. This includes digital literacy programs tailored to local needs and contexts.

    4. Privacy and Data Security:

    • Implement robust measures to safeguard the privacy and security of beneficiary data collected through digital platforms. Adhere to data protection standards and regulations to build trust among users.

    5. Feedback Mechanisms and Grievance Redressal:

    • Establish mechanisms for beneficiaries to provide feedback, report grievances, and seek redressal related to technology-enabled services. This ensures accountability and continuous improvement of service delivery.

    6. Awareness and Communication:

    • Conduct awareness campaigns to educate beneficiaries about the benefits of technology integration, how to access services, and their rights and entitlements under various welfare programs.

    7. Monitoring and Evaluation:

    • Implement robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks to assess the impact of technology integration on food and livelihood security. Use findings to iterate and improve implementation strategies.

    Conclusion:

    Integrating technology missions with social welfare programs like MGNREGA and PM-KISAN holds immense potential to enhance food and livelihood security for beneficiaries through improved efficiency, transparency, and outreach. However, achieving seamless convergence requires careful planning, infrastructure development, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement. By addressing these measures effectively, governments can ensure the effective implementation of integrated programs that maximize benefits for vulnerable populations in rural areas.

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Vaibhav Mishra
  • 0
Vaibhav MishraBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine how the agricultural R&D ecosystem—which consists of universities, state and federal research institutes, and private sector partnerships—contributes to the creation and marketing of novel agricultural technologies. Talk about the steps that need to be taken to improve financing, coordination, ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Kartik Iyer
    Kartik Iyer Begginer

    Role of Agricultural Research and Development Ecosystem in Innovative Agricultural Technologies Introduction The agricultural research and development (R&D) ecosystem in India comprises a network of central and state-level research institutes, universities, and private sector collaborations. ThiRead more

    Role of Agricultural Research and Development Ecosystem in Innovative Agricultural Technologies

    Introduction

    The agricultural research and development (R&D) ecosystem in India comprises a network of central and state-level research institutes, universities, and private sector collaborations. This ecosystem plays a critical role in the development and commercialization of innovative agricultural technologies. Evaluating its effectiveness involves understanding how these entities contribute to technological advancements and identifying measures to enhance funding, coordination, and practical application of research outcomes.

    Key Components of the Agricultural R&D Ecosystem

    1. Central Research Institutes:
      • Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): ICAR is the apex body coordinating agricultural research and development in India. It oversees numerous research institutes focusing on various aspects of agriculture, such as the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and the Central Institute of Cotton Research (CICR).
      • Achievements: ICAR’s research has led to significant technological advancements, such as the development of high-yielding crop varieties and pest-resistant seeds. For example, the development of the Bt Cotton variety has revolutionized cotton cultivation in India.
    2. State-Level Research Institutes:
      • State Agricultural Universities (SAUs): Each state has its own agricultural university that conducts research tailored to regional needs. For instance, the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) has developed improved varieties of wheat and rice suited to the Punjab region.
      • Local Adaptation: SAUs address regional agricultural challenges by developing technologies adapted to local climatic and soil conditions, such as drought-resistant varieties in Rajasthan.
    3. Universities and Academic Institutions:
      • Academic Research: Universities like the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) and Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) contribute to advancements in dairy and veterinary sciences.
      • Innovative Solutions: Research at these institutions has led to innovations such as improved dairy breeds and disease management practices.
    4. Private Sector Collaborations:
      • Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Collaborations between public institutions and private companies drive the commercialization of agricultural technologies. For instance, Mahindra Agribusiness partners with research institutions to develop and market new agricultural machinery and technology.
      • Biotech and Agri-tech Startups: Private sector involvement includes startups like AgroStar and Ninjacart, which leverage technology to provide solutions ranging from precision agriculture to supply chain management.

    Measures to Enhance Funding, Coordination, and Translation of Research Outcomes

    1. Enhancing Funding:
      • Increased Investment: Greater investment in agricultural R&D is crucial for sustaining innovation. The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) is an example of a funding initiative aimed at improving agricultural research infrastructure and capacity.
      • Diversified Funding Sources: Exploring additional funding sources, including international grants and venture capital, can provide the necessary resources for advanced research.
    2. Improving Coordination:
      • Integrated Research Networks: Establishing more integrated research networks that facilitate collaboration between central and state-level institutes can enhance efficiency. For example, the National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP) aims to strengthen research networks and promote collaboration.
      • Unified Platforms: Creating unified platforms for sharing research findings and data among different research entities can reduce duplication and foster collaborative efforts.
    3. Translating Research into Practical Applications:
      • Technology Transfer Mechanisms: Developing robust mechanisms for technology transfer is essential. The Technology Development and Transfer (TDT) program under ICAR facilitates the commercialization of research outputs.
      • Field Demonstrations and Pilot Projects: Conducting field demonstrations and pilot projects can help validate research outcomes in real-world conditions. Programs like the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) network play a key role in demonstrating new technologies to farmers.
      • Capacity Building and Training: Providing training and capacity-building programs for farmers and extension workers ensures that research findings are effectively applied on the ground.

    Recent Examples and Initiatives

    1. DigiAgri Platform:
      • The DigiAgri platform, a collaboration between government agencies and private sector players, integrates various agricultural technologies and provides farmers with digital tools for better farm management.
    2. CRISPR-Cas9 Technology:
      • Recent advancements like the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for gene editing in crops are being explored through collaborations between research institutes and private biotech firms, aiming to develop crops with enhanced traits such as drought resistance and improved nutritional content.

    Conclusion

    The agricultural R&D ecosystem in India, encompassing central and state-level institutes, universities, and private sector collaborations, plays a vital role in advancing agricultural technologies. However, to maximize its impact, measures such as enhanced funding, improved coordination, and effective translation of research into practical applications are essential. Strengthening these areas will help drive innovation and ensure that agricultural advancements benefit farmers and contribute to sustainable agricultural development.

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Vaibhav Mishra
  • 0
Vaibhav MishraBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
  • 0

Examine the effects of the different technology-enabled agricultural extension and advisory services on farmers’ access to and quality of knowledge dissemination. Talk about the steps needed to guarantee last-mile connectivity and the universality of these services. Examples of these services ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Nishi Desai
    Nishi Desai Begginer

    Impact of Technology-Enabled Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services Technology-enabled agricultural extension and advisory services have revolutionized the way information and knowledge are disseminated among farmers. Initiatives like Kisan Call Centers, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), aRead more

    Impact of Technology-Enabled Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services

    Technology-enabled agricultural extension and advisory services have revolutionized the way information and knowledge are disseminated among farmers. Initiatives like Kisan Call Centers, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and mobile applications have significantly impacted the accessibility and quality of agricultural support. This discussion assesses these impacts and explores the measures needed to ensure effective last-mile connectivity and universality of these services.

    1. Impact of Technology-Enabled Services

    Kisan Call Centers (KCCs)

    Improved Access to Expert Advice:
    Kisan Call Centers provide farmers with direct access to agricultural experts through a dedicated helpline. This service helps farmers get timely information on crop management, pest control, and market prices. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, KCCs played a crucial role in offering advice remotely, reducing the need for physical visits and ensuring continuous support.

    Timely and Relevant Information:
    KCCs offer real-time solutions to agricultural issues, which can be critical during emergencies such as pest outbreaks or extreme weather conditions. For example, India’s Kisan Call Center network, with its multilingual support, has been instrumental in disseminating information on the locust attacks that affected various regions, helping farmers take preventive measures.

    Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)

    Enhanced Market Access and Bargaining Power:
    FPOs are cooperative structures that enable small and marginal farmers to collectively market their produce. By pooling resources and produce, FPOs enhance farmers’ market access and bargaining power. For example, the NABARD’s promotion of FPOs in states like Madhya Pradesh has improved farmers’ market linkages and enabled better price realization.

    Knowledge Sharing and Capacity Building:
    FPOs facilitate the sharing of best practices and knowledge among farmers. They often organize training sessions and workshops on advanced agricultural techniques. For instance, the FPOs in Tamil Nadu have been successful in training farmers on organic farming practices, leading to increased adoption of sustainable agricultural methods.

    Mobile Applications

    Access to Real-Time Data:
    Mobile applications provide farmers with access to a range of real-time data, including weather forecasts, market prices, and crop advisories. Applications such as Kisan Suvidha and e-NAM offer valuable information that helps farmers make informed decisions. For example, the e-NAM platform has facilitated the electronic trading of agricultural produce, improving transparency and efficiency in market transactions.

    Promotion of Best Practices:
    Mobile apps often include features for educational content and best practices in farming. The IIFCO Kisan app provides information on crop management, pest control, and financial services, contributing to better farm management and productivity.

    2. Measures for Last-Mile Connectivity and Universality

    Infrastructure Development:
    Ensuring last-mile connectivity requires robust infrastructure, including reliable internet access and mobile network coverage. Investment in rural infrastructure is essential for the effective delivery of technology-enabled services. For instance, expanding broadband networks and improving mobile network connectivity in remote areas can enhance the reach of agricultural apps and KCCs.

    Training and Capacity Building:
    Farmers need training to effectively use technology-enabled services. Implementing training programs to educate farmers on using mobile apps, understanding KCCs, and participating in FPOs is crucial. For example, the Digital Green initiative has been successful in providing training on digital tools and agricultural practices in various states of India.

    Integration with Local Institutions:
    Collaborating with local agricultural extension workers and institutions can improve the implementation of technology-enabled services. Local institutions can act as intermediaries to facilitate the adoption of these services. For example, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) play a vital role in integrating technological solutions with local farming practices and ensuring that information reaches the intended beneficiaries.

    Customization and Localization:
    Technology-enabled services should be customized to address the specific needs and conditions of different regions. This includes providing information in local languages and adapting content to local agricultural practices. For example, mobile apps and KCCs should offer support in regional languages and incorporate region-specific agricultural information to increase their effectiveness.

    Regular Monitoring and Feedback:
    Continuous monitoring and feedback mechanisms are necessary to assess the effectiveness of technology-enabled services and make necessary improvements. Regular surveys and feedback from farmers can help identify issues and areas for enhancement. For instance, Government initiatives often include mechanisms for gathering user feedback and updating services based on farmer needs and preferences.

    Conclusion

    Technology-enabled agricultural extension and advisory services like Kisan Call Centers, Farmer Producer Organizations, and mobile applications have significantly improved the access to and quality of agricultural information and knowledge dissemination among farmers. These services offer timely advice, enhance market access, and promote best practices. However, to ensure their effectiveness, measures such as improving infrastructure, providing training, integrating with local institutions, and customizing services are essential. Addressing these challenges will help achieve comprehensive last-mile connectivity and universality, ultimately enhancing the welfare of farmers and consumers.

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Aaditya Kapoor
  • 0
Aaditya KapoorBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
  • 0

Discuss the steps needed to increase the impact and reach of the various agriculture technology missions, such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture, the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology, and the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Kartik Iyer
    Kartik Iyer Begginer

    Evaluation of Technology Missions in Agriculture Introduction Technology missions in agriculture are pivotal in addressing the challenges of low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. Programs such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), the National Mission on AgriRead more

    Evaluation of Technology Missions in Agriculture

    Introduction

    Technology missions in agriculture are pivotal in addressing the challenges of low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. Programs such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET), and the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP) aim to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. This evaluation explores their effectiveness and discusses measures required to bolster their impact and reach.

    National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Sustainable Practices: NMSA focuses on promoting sustainable agricultural practices, improving soil health, and enhancing water use efficiency. The mission supports practices like Organic Farming, Integrated Nutrient Management, and Water Use Efficiency.
      • Soil Health Management: The Soil Health Management (SHM) component of NMSA has been instrumental in promoting soil testing and providing recommendations for nutrient management. For instance, the Soil Health Management Scheme has led to the establishment of numerous soil testing laboratories.
    2. Challenges:
      • Adoption Rates: Despite its goals, adoption rates of sustainable practices have been uneven. In some regions, traditional practices persist due to a lack of awareness and training.
      • Resource Constraints: Limited funding and infrastructure challenges have affected the comprehensive implementation of NMSA’s initiatives.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Increased Awareness and Training: Strengthening outreach and training programs to educate farmers about sustainable practices.
    • Improved Funding and Infrastructure: Enhancing investment in infrastructure and resources to support soil health and sustainable agriculture practices.

    National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Extension Services: NMAET aims to improve agricultural extension services, promote technology transfer, and enhance farmer training. The mission includes components like the Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms (SSEEPR) and Farmers’ Field Schools.
      • Technology Adoption: Initiatives under NMAET have facilitated the adoption of modern technologies and best practices, such as precision farming and climate-resilient crops. For example, the use of eNAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) has improved market access and price transparency.
    2. Challenges:
      • Coverage and Reach: The reach of extension services has been limited in remote and underserved areas, impacting the equitable dissemination of technology.
      • Coordination Issues: Coordination between various extension services and programs often faces challenges, leading to inefficiencies.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Expanding Reach: Strengthening extension services to cover more remote areas and ensure that all farmers benefit from technological advancements.
    • Enhanced Coordination: Improving coordination between different extension services and integrating technology to streamline information dissemination.

    National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Oilseed Production: NMOOP aims to increase the production of oilseeds and oil palm to reduce import dependency. It supports research, development, and cultivation of high-yielding varieties of oilseeds and oil palm.
      • Successes: The mission has led to increased cultivation of oil palm in states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, and enhanced production of oilseeds through improved varieties and farming practices.
    2. Challenges:
      • Geographic Limitations: The cultivation of oil palm has faced geographic and climatic limitations in regions outside the tropical zone, affecting its widespread adoption.
      • Market Fluctuations: Volatility in market prices for oilseeds can impact the profitability and attractiveness of oilseed cultivation.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Research and Development: Investing in R&D to develop climate-resilient and high-yielding varieties suitable for diverse geographic conditions.
    • Price Stabilization Mechanisms: Implementing mechanisms to stabilize market prices and ensure fair returns for farmers.

    Conclusion

    The technology missions in agriculture, including NMSA, NMAET, and NMOOP, play a crucial role in addressing challenges such as low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. While these missions have achieved notable successes, challenges remain in terms of adoption rates, coverage, and geographic limitations. Enhancing their effectiveness requires increased awareness and training, improved funding and infrastructure, expanded reach, enhanced coordination, and continued investment in research and development. Addressing these areas will help maximize the impact of these missions and support sustainable agricultural development in India.

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