World Geography

1. Securing Connectivity Infrastructure
Broadband penetration-There is need for extend broadband to rural areas. This can be done by:
Fiber optic cables: Fiber optic networks to be laid down to provide access to high speed internet connection to all the remote areas in the country.
Public Wi-Fi hubs: Setting up nodes of public internet accessibility in churches, schools, libraries and other public places so as to enable students be connected to the internet.
2. Enhancing Technology Access

These will include: A list of subsidized devices for the low-income families residing in rural regions include laptops, tablets and Ericsson smartphones that are sold at subsidized costs while the cheap data plans include the school data.
This can be information literacy involving computer literacy and learning resources; online learning resources; and online learning mediums.

These are community based learning centers equipped with computers and internet connection whereby the student would use to access material online, with the support of the teacher and volunteers.

-One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) Initiatives: Furthering of the examples such as OLPC, where students are given laptops and education software, and many others.

3. Optimisation of the solution of online learning

Development of Offline learning materials: Besides hard copies, learning material in CDs and DVDs; offline mode of learning web-sites so that in case internet is not working properly, the students have this option.

Use Community Radio and Television: How you will reach the target community is by using the radio and television stations to pass information and give guidelines on how to embark on online lessons.

Teacher Training on Online Pedagogy: Assisting teachers with how to teach online classes which include understanding and implementing online platforms, development of online effective content and participating in the management of online students.

4. Students – equity and teacher-student relations

-Equitable Access: Socio-economic differences; they include: No one is disadvantaged as all students can access the e-learning resources and support.

-Gender and Disability: Service learning to address the needs of girls and learners with disability in issues of access and use of online learning.

5. Government Initiatives and Partnerships

Public-Private Partnerships: An initiative of forging linkages with private sector partner companies for the provisioning of affordable internet access and technology solution for rural communities.

-Government Subsidies and Incentives: to incentivize all telecom companies and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to take their services to rural areas.

Age Structure and Fertility Rates: Managing Demographic Change in Developing Nations

Of all the demography characteristics, age and fertility influencing population development in developing nations are crucial factors.

Age Structure:
Youth Bulge: They are a resource that if given a large population of young people can cause fast overpopulation therefore a lot of demands on the available resources and development infrastructure.
-Aging Population: Few births you have correspond with higher level of dependency of the aged as people age thus implying a higher number of the aged and those who will be being supported by working population.
Demographic Dividend: The time when a majority of the population is in the working population. In such a case economic growth and development is possible if there is investment in education, health and employment.

Fertility Rates:

High Fertility Rates: Problem of providing basic needs such education, health and employment in areas of rapid population growth due to high fertility rates will arise.
One could slow the rate of growth of the population and leave it in its old age. It has advantages and disadvantages – on one hand less resources are being used, on the other hand – economic issues may arise.

It is influenced by fertility rate meaning it is associated with several effects that a country can go through on the social, economic and environmental front. For instance, high fertility population that happens within the youthful population may find it difficult to facilitate education and health facility while the aged people require much investment on the social security and health services.