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World Geography

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Home/Geography/World Geography

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Pranavi
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PranaviBegginer
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
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What resources are available for farmers looking to transition to regenerative agriculture?

question
  1. Prerna Ahuja
    Prerna Ahuja Begginer

    For farmers interested in transitioning to regenerative agriculture, there are several valuable resources available to guide them through the process. Here are some key resources to consider:   1. **Regenerative Agriculture Organizations**: Organizations like Regeneration International, RodaleRead more

    For farmers interested in transitioning to regenerative agriculture, there are several valuable resources available to guide them through the process. Here are some key resources to consider:

     

    1. **Regenerative Agriculture Organizations**: Organizations like Regeneration International, Rodale Institute, and Savory Institute provide information, workshops, and resources to support farmers in adopting regenerative practices.

     

    2. **Government Programs**: Many governments offer incentives, grants, and technical assistance for farmers transitioning to regenerative agriculture. Check with local agricultural departments or extension services for available programs.

     

    3. **Online Courses and Webinars**: Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and Regenerative Agriculture Academy offer online courses and webinars on regenerative farming practices, soil health, and sustainable agriculture.

     

    4. **Books and Publications**: Books like “Dirt to Soil” by Gabe Brown, “The Soil Will Save Us” by Kristin Ohlson, and “Growing a Revolution” by David R. Montgomery provide valuable insights into regenerative agriculture practices.

     

    5. **Local Workshops and Field Days**: Attending workshops, farm tours, and field days hosted by local regenerative farmers or agricultural organizations can provide hands-on learning and networking opportunities.

     

    6. **Soil Health Assessments**: Conducting soil tests and working with soil health experts can help farmers understand the current state of their soil and develop tailored regenerative practices.

     

    By utilizing these resources and engaging with the regenerative agriculture community, farmers can successfully transition to practices that focus on soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience. If you have any more questions or need further assistance, feel free to ask!

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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: July 24, 2024In: , ,
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Is modern agriculture practice necessary?

agriculturequestion
  1. Divyanshu Dwivedi
    Divyanshu Dwivedi Begginer

    Modern Agricultural Practices Agriculture, in Due Course of Time is playing a vital role in Indian Economic System. 45 - 47% of people are involved directly in agriculture, i.e. they get their income primarily from Agriculture. So Modernization of Agricultural System is important in order to - 1. ImRead more

    Modern Agricultural Practices

    Agriculture, in Due Course of Time is playing a vital role in Indian Economic System. 45 – 47% of people are involved directly in agriculture, i.e. they get their income primarily from Agriculture. So Modernization of Agricultural System is important in order to –

    1. Improve and Increase the Economic conditions of Farmers

    2. Make this little easy to produce Crops

    3. Improve Financial Conditions of Farmers

    4. Make Indian Agriculture a boon for India

    Modern Practices Include –

    1. Zero Tillage – No Need of Tillage in the Agricultural Field . Tillage is not done . So, if the Tillage procedures are not done so, cost of Tillage is prevented.
    2. Drip Irrigation – In drip irrigation, water is given to plants in drop by drop manner. The water is directly provided to the roots of the plants. So here also water can be saved by following drip  water can be saved by following this method.
    3. Sprinkler Irrigation – In this method, water is given to the plants in the form of sprinkler. This method is also called artificial rain method of  irrigating plants.
    4. Hydroponics System – In this system, no more use of water is there , the plants are grown in pipes with the soil in it and the water is given in little amounts to to just keep them alive. The plants take the exact time as they take in the soil to grow. Here also water is saved to an extent.
    5. Aeroponics – Plants are grown in the air by help of pipes, soil in it and water supply whenever needed .
    6. Sustainable Agriculture – Agriculture practices are done keeping in view that that it is to be saved for future generations also.
    7. Drones – Drones are used to examining the conditions of the crop in the field, provide them fertilizers, used to spray insecticides or pesticides on the crops from above. Even sometimes artificial irrigation can be done in very harsh conditions if less water is there for irrigation it can be preferred.

    So , these are the widely used modern practices in agriculture.

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Gunjarani Lakra
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Gunjarani LakraBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , , , ,
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Explain about population dividend in recent years and factors that can affect it in coming years.

question
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    Population Dividend Population dividend, or demographic dividend as it is called when speaking of economic growth is a term that denotes the potential growth which a country can exploit when a larger part of its population is in the working-age group (15-64 years) rather than dependents (children anRead more

    Population Dividend
    Population dividend, or demographic dividend as it is called when speaking of economic growth is a term that denotes the potential growth which a country can exploit when a larger part of its population is in the working-age group (15-64 years) rather than dependents (children and the old age). India is among such countries, with 65% of its population being below 35 years old.

    Factors Influencing India’s Population Dividend in Coming Years .

    1. Education and Skill Development
    – The workforce must be equipped with the skills the market needs, which can only come from quality education and vocational training.

    2. Job Creation

    – India has to create a lot of job opportunities, especially in manufacturing, services, and technology sectors, to accommodate the young population. If not enough job growth, the demographic dividend could become a demographic liability.

    3. Healthcare A healthy workforce is pivotal to sustained productivity. The lack of healthcare infrastructure and the newly emerging lifestyle diseases could be the main reasons why such productivity will not be achieved by the working-age population.

    4. Gender Inclusion
    – The inclusion of women in the workforce is a strong factor in maximizing the demographic dividend. The percent of women who are a part of the workforce in India, at the moment, is really small, which is one of the main economy-constrainers.

    5. Regional Disparities – The northern Indian states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are seeing a youth surge after enjoying decades of fertility decline and increasing female literacy. On the other hand, the southern states with Kerala and Tamil Nadu are struggling due to the aging population. Such a situation would mean that only a part of this demographic would be representative of a region and, at the same time, may create disparities in the development of different areas of the country.

    6. Automation and Technology
    The rise of technology innovation, in particular, the expansion of the industry of automation, is expected to result in the reduction of low-skilled jobs. The only way India could ensure that its workforce is ready for this is by investing in the upskilling of its workforce for the upcoming industries.

    Population dividends in India are noteworthy concepts of realization. They present a wonderful chance for economic growth. A timely and proper response to this valuable opportunity would require strategic actions in the fields of education, healthcare, job creation, and gender inclusion. If this would not be realized, the potential benefit would be lost and socio-economic challenges would emerge.

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Aishwarya Singh
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Aishwarya SinghBegginer
Asked: July 31, 2024In: ,
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  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    The British East India Company turned India into a market point for the sale of British goods by: - Open Markets: The company used its political and military power to shut out the Indian existing trade networks and take its place. It did all its best to remove Indian tariffs and duties on British goRead more

    The British East India Company turned India into a market point for the sale of British goods by:

    – Open Markets: The company used its political and military power to shut out the Indian existing trade networks and take its place. It did all its best to remove Indian tariffs and duties on British goods while levying heavy taxes on local Indian producers. This made British products much cheaper than Indian counterparts in the market.

    – Protectiveism: The British importation of goods into India was complemented by the exclusion of Indian textiles from the British market, which comprised high tariffs and bans in protectionist Britain. All this led to the great destruction of India’s once largest textile industry in the world.

    – Raw Material Supplier: India became the most significant supplier of raw materials into the British industries, especially in cotton. The raw material came in Britain duty-free; hence, it was another advantage to British manufacturers.

    – Captive Market: India was proved to be a large captive market for the goods manufactured inside Britain. The people of India hardly had an option as their domestic industries were suppressed and competed with the financial products of Britain as being cheaper.

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Rajashree Shirke
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Rajashree ShirkeLearner
Asked: January 18, 2025In:
  • 0

Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Define the concept of the SOFAR (Sound Fixing and Ranging) channel. Briefly mention its role in oceanography as a naturally occurring phenomenon that allows sound to travel great distances with minimal energy loss. Body Explain the SOFAR Channel: Physical Composition: Discuss ...

upsc: oceanography
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer The SOFAR (Sound Fixing and Ranging) channel is a naturally occurring layer in the ocean that allows sound to travel vast distances with minimal energy loss. This channel is created due to the interplay of ocean temperature, salinity, and pressure at certain depths. Typically located beRead more

    Model Answer

    The SOFAR (Sound Fixing and Ranging) channel is a naturally occurring layer in the ocean that allows sound to travel vast distances with minimal energy loss. This channel is created due to the interplay of ocean temperature, salinity, and pressure at certain depths. Typically located between 600 and 1200 meters below the sea surface, the SOFAR channel traps sound waves, enabling them to travel long distances. This phenomenon occurs because sound waves, emitted at specific depths, are refracted back into the channel due to changes in the ocean’s physical properties, creating an optimal environment for sound propagation.

    Significance in Marine Ecosystems

    1. Marine Bioacoustics: The SOFAR channel plays a crucial role in marine bioacoustics, the study of sound in marine environments. It helps researchers understand how marine animals like whales and dolphins use sound to communicate and navigate. For instance, humpback whales’ songs and dolphins’ echolocation abilities rely on the unique acoustics of the SOFAR channel, helping them with mating calls and prey detection.
    2. Undersea Earthquake Detection: The SOFAR channel is instrumental in detecting sounds from undersea earthquakes, which is vital for monitoring seismic activities and detecting tsunamis. The long-range transmission of sound waves enables early warning systems for natural disasters.
    3. Climate Change Monitoring: Researchers use the SOFAR channel to track temperature and salinity changes in the ocean, offering valuable data on climate shifts and their impacts on marine ecosystems.
    4. Protection and Conservation: Understanding sound propagation in the SOFAR channel is essential for designing marine protected areas. Noise pollution, especially from ships and industrial activities, can negatively impact marine species sensitive to sound, like whales and dolphins. By controlling such noise, conservation efforts can be more effective.

    Conclusion

    The SOFAR channel is not only critical for marine ecosystems but also for scientific, military, and environmental research. As the UN Decade of Ocean Science (2021-2030) focuses on sustainable marine development, studying this channel is key to achieving sustainable ocean conservation (SDG 14).

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Alina Dsouza
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Alina DsouzaBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , ,
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  1. ritu sharma
    ritu sharma Begginer

    Vertical Farming Vertical farming means growing crops on vertical surfaces with stacked layers. Unlike horizontal farming, vertical farming is usually done in warehouses, greenhouses, skyscrapers, shipping containers and other indoor facilities. Vertical farming aims to maximise plant growth using sRead more

    Vertical Farming

    Vertical farming means growing crops on vertical surfaces with stacked layers. Unlike horizontal farming, vertical farming is usually done in warehouses, greenhouses, skyscrapers, shipping containers and other indoor facilities. Vertical farming aims to maximise plant growth using soilless farming techniques.

    Everything from leafy greens to common crops can be grown in vertical farming. For vertical farming, an artificial environment is created by regulating temperature, light-controlling technology, bees, robotics and other Japanese techniques. 

     

    Advantages of Vertical Farming-

    • Consistent crop production throughout the year- As vertical farming is unaffected by weather, it leads to increased crop yield and quality produce without disrupting local flora and fauna.
    • Reduced space- Vertical farming does not need fertile land and can be grown on a smaller land area by expanding upwards. 
    • Minimises water wastage- It requires only 10% of the water, nutrients and fertilisers used in traditional farming. Also, the used water can be further recycled.
    • Environmental-friendly- It requires no fossil fuels, chemicals or pesticides to grow.
    • Energy Efficient- It reduces transportation costs and can generate power too.
    • Safe and cost-effective- Vertical farming is safe for staff with a lower risk of injury. It is cost-efficient as it requires less low-level skilled labor. 
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Dipshikha Anand
  • 0
Dipshikha AnandLearner
Asked: July 27, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • 0

Explain the 5-year plans in terms of employment generation in India since independence.

question
  1. Sunita Soni
    Sunita Soni Begginer

    India's 5-year plans, also known as the Five-Year Plans, are a series of national development plans designed to promote economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve the quality of life for the Indian population. Since independence in 1947, India has implemented several 5-year plans to achieve theseRead more

    India’s 5-year plans, also known as the Five-Year Plans, are a series of national development plans designed to promote economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve the quality of life for the Indian population. Since independence in 1947, India has implemented several 5-year plans to achieve these goals. Here’s an overview of the employment generation aspect of each plan:

    First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956)

    • Focus: Infrastructure development, agriculture, and industrialization
    • Employment generation: The plan aimed to create 3.5 million jobs in the organized sector
    • Achievements: The plan saw a moderate growth rate of 4.1% in GDP, but employment growth was slower at 2.5%

    Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961)

    • Focus: Heavy industry development, irrigation, and agriculture
    • Employment generation: The plan aimed to create 5.5 million jobs in the organized sector
    • Achievements: The plan saw a moderate growth rate of 4.8% in GDP, with employment growth increasing to 3.1%

    Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966)

    • Focus: Rapid industrialization, agricultural development, and infrastructure expansion
    • Employment generation: The plan aimed to create 7.5 million jobs in the organized sector
    • Achievements: The plan saw a higher growth rate of 5.4% in GDP, with employment growth increasing to 4.2%

    Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974)

    • Focus: Economic liberalization, diversification, and accelerated growth
    • Employment generation: The plan aimed to create 10 million jobs in the organized sector
    • Achievements: The plan saw a moderate growth rate of 4.3% in GDP, with employment growth slowing down to 2.9%

    Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1979)

    • Focus: Social and economic development, especially in the rural areas
    • Employment generation: The plan aimed to create 12 million jobs in the organized sector
    • Achievements: The plan saw a moderate growth rate of 4.8% in GDP, with employment growth increasing to 3.5%
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Aditya Nair
  • 2
Aditya NairBegginer
Asked: July 10, 2024In:
  • 2

In the past, the iron and steel sector has been situated close to raw materials. Describe the factors that are causing the iron and steel industry to move farther from the source of their raw materials.

upsc: factors responsible for location of industry
  1. Jai Agarwal
    Jai Agarwal Learner

    The iron and steel industry, often referred to as a foundational or basic industry, operates as a heavy industry with the unique characteristic of losing weight during production. This historically led to the strategic placement of facilities near rich raw material sources, as seen with TISCO in JamRead more

    The iron and steel industry, often referred to as a foundational or basic industry, operates as a heavy industry with the unique characteristic of losing weight during production. This historically led to the strategic placement of facilities near rich raw material sources, as seen with TISCO in Jamshedpur near the Jharia Coalfields. However, this industry is shifting away from the source of raw materials and relocating towards coastal regions, as observed in places like Detroit and Chicago in the USA, Visakhapatnam in India, and Osaka-Kobe in Japan.

    Reasons behind the Relocation of Iron and Steel Industries:

    • Advancements in Transportation: The modernization of transportation infrastructure, including railways, highways, and ports, has revolutionized the efficiency of moving raw materials over longer distances, reducing the need for immediate proximity of iron and steel industries to raw material sources. For instance, the establishment of the Vizag Steel Plant in India in 1992 marked a pivotal shift towards port-based operations.
    • Market-Centric Approach: Industries are increasingly relocating to major consumer markets to cut transportation costs and guarantee timely delivery of steel products, departing from the traditional reliance on raw material proximity. For instance, Japan, facing scarcity of domestic iron ore and coal, shifted to a market-centric model, seen in regions like ‘Tokyo-Yokohama’ and ‘Osaka-Kobe-Heemeji.’
    • Depletion of Local Raw Material Reserves: The dwindling reserves of raw materials, such as iron ore, in local regions have rendered them economically unviable, necessitating a shift towards more distant sources. This trend is exemplified by the historical transformation of the Ruhr region in Germany, once a thriving hub of steel production.
    • Environmental Compliance: Stringent environmental regulations in certain regions are compelling industries to relocate from ecologically sensitive areas, aiming to minimize their environmental footprint.
      • Notable examples involve mine closures in India, prompted by Shah Commission investigations and Supreme Court rulings, including iron ore mining bans in Karnataka and Goa (2011-12), and in Odisha (2014) due to pending clearances.
    • Government Policies: Government policies, ranging from tax breaks to subsidies, wield significant influence over the decision to relocate industries to specific regions or countries. This is evidenced by the establishment of the Bhilai and Salem Plants in India, which were strategically located based on favorable government policies.
    • Diverse Strategic Considerations: Strategic motives, including diversification of locations, proximity to crucial suppliers, and access to specific markets, are pivotal factors driving the decision to relocate. This strategic approach was notably adopted by the USA and USSR post WWII to prevent the over-concentration of the industry in any single region, leading to the establishment of plants in previously untapped regions.
    • Technological: Technological progress, particularly in ore processing and recycling techniques, empowers industries with greater flexibility in choosing their location and utilizing a broader spectrum of raw materials. The Bhushan Steel Plant and Bhadravati steel plant in India serve as prime examples of how technological innovations have influenced the location decisions of steel facilities.
    • Research and Development Pioneering: The relentless pursuit of innovation and technological advancements in the iron and steel industry often precipitates extensive research and development (R&D) activities. These endeavors lead to breakthroughs in materials, processes, and product development, thereby influencing the location of iron and steel facilities.

    The contemporary trend of iron and steel industries relocating away from raw material sources is a multifaceted phenomenon driven by a confluence of factors, reflecting the adaptability of this vital industry to modern challenges and opportunities.

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