Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Introduce the concept of river interlinking and its purpose. State the significance of addressing droughts, floods, and navigation issues. Fact to Use: River interlinking aims to connect water-scarce and water-surplus regions, enhancing the overall management of water resources (Source: ...
The Indian subcontinent is considered a subcontinent due to its distinct geographic and geological features. Geologically -it is part of the Indian Plate, which separated from Gondwana and collided with the Eurasian landmass around 55 million years ago. Geographically- it is a large, peninsular regiRead more
The Indian subcontinent is considered a subcontinent due to its distinct geographic and geological features.
Geologically –it is part of the Indian Plate, which separated from Gondwana and collided with the Eurasian landmass around 55 million years ago.
Geographically- it is a large, peninsular region in South Asia, delineated by the Himalayas to the north, the Hindu Kush to the west, and the Arakanese to the east. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the south, the Arabian Sea to the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast.
This region’s relative isolation from the rest of Eurasia, coupled with its unique climatic and cultural diversity, reinforces its classification as a subcontinent.
The varied landscapes and rich socio-cultural tapestry within the subcontinent reflect its historical significance and distinct identity.
Therefore, The main reason India is considered a subcontinent is its distinct geographical separation from the rest of Asia, primarily due to the imposing Himalayan mountain range to the north, which creates a natural barrier. This physical separation, combined with the subcontinent’s unique climate, ecosystems, and cultural identity, contributes to its classification as a subcontinent.
Model Answer Introduction The interlinking of rivers in India aims to connect water-scarce and water-surplus regions, addressing issues of drought, floods, and navigation. While it presents several advantages, it also raises significant concerns that merit critical examination. Pros of InterlinkingRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The interlinking of rivers in India aims to connect water-scarce and water-surplus regions, addressing issues of drought, floods, and navigation. While it presents several advantages, it also raises significant concerns that merit critical examination.
Pros of Interlinking Rivers
Improved Water Management
River interlinking can enhance water resource management, reducing scarcity in drought-prone areas. An example is the Ken-Betwa river interlinking project in Madhya Pradesh, which aims to transfer water from the Ken river basin to the Betwa basin, thereby providing irrigation to farmers in water-scarce regions.
Hydroelectric Power
Interlinked rivers can facilitate hydropower generation, contributing to renewable energy sources. The Damanganga-Pinjal river interlinking project is expected to generate approximately 1,775 MW of hydropower, enhancing energy security in Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Agriculture and Navigation
These projects can also significantly boost agricultural productivity by providing irrigation to vast areas. The Godavari-Cauvery river interlinking project aims to irrigate over 35 million hectares, improving crop yields. Additionally, river interlinking can enhance navigability, promoting inland water transportation, as seen with the proposed National Waterway 4, which connects the Godavari and Krishna rivers.
Cons of Interlinking Rivers
Environmental Concerns
River interlinking can lead to ecological disruptions, including biodiversity loss and wetland degradation. The Ken-Betwa project may submerge about 4,000 hectares of forest land, threatening the Panna Tiger Reserve.
Economic and Social Displacement
Such projects require substantial investment, often leading to cost overruns. The Godavari-Cauvery project has an estimated cost exceeding Rs. 60,000 crore (Source: Planning Commission). Moreover, displacement of communities is a serious concern; the Damanganga-Pinjal project could displace approximately 11,000 people, disrupting their livelihoods.
Inter-State Conflicts
Interlinking may exacerbate tensions between states over water allocation. The Ken-Betwa project has faced opposition from Uttar Pradesh due to concerns about equitable water distribution.
Conclusion
The interlinking of rivers presents a multifaceted dilemma. While it offers solutions for improved water management, hydroelectric power generation, and enhanced agriculture and navigation, the associated environmental risks, economic burdens, social displacements, and potential for inter-state conflicts must be carefully evaluated. A balanced approach is essential to ensure that benefits do not come at the cost of ecological and social stability.
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