Indian Geography

As known India is a land of diversity in terms of culture , varied topography , different climatic conditions along with its rich culture and historical backdrop.  The land is spread with a variety of soils in various parts of India ranging from alluvial soil , red soil , black soil, desert soil, and many more such .

Every soil is having its significant characteristics shaped by various natural processes such as that of weathering, erosion.

Coming to the layout of various types of soil found in India along with its individual  characteristics :

1. ALLUVIAL SOIL – This kind of soil is seen in the Indo-gangetic plain area along with that of the costal areas, this soil is known to be very fertile and this soil is spread around most of the areas like in PUNJAB, WEST BENGAL ,HARYANA ,UTTAR PRADESH and in the coastal areas of GUJRAT, TAMIL NADU ORRISA .

Chracteristics :

1. Fertile.
2. It is of fine grained texture
3. it is rich in minerals such as potash, lime ,and the phosphoric acid .
4. good for the growth of soils such as rice, wheat , sugarcane

Black soil –

this soil is also known to be as the regur soil or popularly as the cotton soil found primarily at the deccan plateau region . This is very good soil for cotton cultivation .Found in areas such as in Madhya Pradesh , Gujrat

Chracteristics :

1. It is of black colour as it is having iron in it.
2. these kind of soil usually becomes sticky when it becomes wet and it develops cracks when it dries up in summer .
3. Rich in calcium, iron, potash.

RED SOIL –

As the name says it is red in colour found mostly in the southern .eastern along the central  regions of India . The  soils  found in  areas  like  in Karnataka, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and in the chota nagpur plateau . This red colour is due to that of  iron oxide. Good for the production of crops like groundnut, millets, tobacoo, etc.

LATERITE SOIL : This kind of soil is mostly found in the regions which receive that of heavy rainfall along with that of high temperature. This is found in the tropical areas in the areas  like  Kerela, Karnataka, West Bengal, Tamil  Nadu etc .

this soil contains that of Iron and Magnesium mostly within it although poor in the minerals like nitrogen , potasium etc .

This kind of soil is good for the production of crops like that of coffee, rubber, cotton cashew nuts etc .

MOUINTAIN SOIL :

This soil is also known to be as the forest soil as  the name suggests found mostly in the regions such as the mountaninous regions of India mostly in the Himalayan region along with the eastern and western ghats of India . This soil is formed due to the wheathring of rocks  due to high altitude.

This soil ranges from the sandy to loamy textures . Found mostly in JAMMU AND KASHMIR , Skkim, Himachal Pradesh along the hilly trains of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu etc .

This kind of soil good for cultivation of crops like that of the tea, coffee, spices, fruits that of apples , plums, etc .

This is the varied types of soil with their characteristics and the spacial  distribution of soil in India.