It is a well-done evidence that shows the prevalence and distribution of leading causes of mortality and morbidity are dissimilar mainly due to socioeconomic, health care provisions, life way of residents, and infectious status. Some of the main causes are as follows: Globally -Non-communicable diseRead more
It is a well-done evidence that shows the prevalence and distribution of leading causes of mortality and morbidity are dissimilar mainly due to socioeconomic, health care provisions, life way of residents, and infectious status.
Some of the main causes are as follows:
Globally
-Non-communicable diseases: Others include arthritis and lung disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, immuno-deficecy and obesity.. They have of late been emerging as the major causes of death and physical disability in most parts of the globe.
-Communicable diseases: This comprises HIV/AIDS; tuberculosis; and malaria, which is among the main leading causes of mortality and morbidity, especially in LMICs.
-Injuries: These are leading killer diseases and disability and are preventable, that include road traffic crashes, falls and other unintentional injuries to children and adolescents.
In Developed Countries:
-Non-communicable diseases: These are the four leading PRS of morbidity and mortality which are heart diseases, cancer, strokes, and chronic respiratory diseases.
-Mental health disorders: These diseases include depression and anxiety and are on the rise contributing to high disability.
In Developing Countries:
-Communicable diseases: Diseases, both infectious and parasitic, malnutrition and those causing disability are responsible for most deaths and the overall morbidity, most affecting children.
-Maternal and child mortality: Pregnancy and child-bearing complications, and perinatal and infant mortality, continue to be an issue.
-HIV/AIDS: Some zones still present important problems related with the HIV/AIDS.
-Malnutrition: Undernutrition is another common problem combined with micronutrient deficiencies, which cause a range of diseases.
Of course these are trends, and it should be understood that in and between nations the specific leading causes of deaths and diseases are different. In addition, the shifting details of demands for promising diseases such as climate change and antimicrobial resistance are becoming heavier.
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Demographic factors like age, gender, and ethnicity play significant roles in shaping economic development. These elements influence labor market dynamics, consumer behavior, educational attainment, and social cohesion, which collectively impact a country's economic growth and development trajectoryRead more
Demographic factors like age, gender, and ethnicity play significant roles in shaping economic development. These elements influence labor market dynamics, consumer behavior, educational attainment, and social cohesion, which collectively impact a country’s economic growth and development trajectory.
The age structure of a population affects economic development in several ways. A youthful population can lead to a demographic dividend, where a larger working-age population supports a smaller dependent population, boosting economic productivity. However, this benefit is contingent on adequate investment in education and job creation. Conversely, an aging population can strain public resources due to increased healthcare and pension costs, potentially slowing economic growth if the working-age population diminishes and productivity declines.
Gender disparities in education, employment, and income can significantly impede economic development. Societies that restrict women’s access to education and employment fail to fully utilize half of their potential workforce, leading to reduced economic output. Gender equality in education and the labor market can enhance economic growth by increasing the talent pool, fostering innovation, and ensuring diverse perspectives in decision-making processes. Closing gender gaps can also improve family health and education, contributing to broader social and economic benefits.
Ethnic diversity can have both positive and negative effects on economic development. Ethnically diverse societies may benefit from a rich mix of skills, perspectives, and cultural practices that foster innovation and creativity. However, ethnic disparities and discrimination can lead to social tensions, reduced social cohesion, and economic inefficiencies. Marginalized ethnic groups often face barriers to education, employment, and political participation, which can perpetuate cycles of poverty and limit overall economic growth. Inclusive policies that promote equal opportunities and reduce discrimination can harness the potential of ethnic diversity to drive economic development.
The interplay between age, gender, and ethnicity also shapes economic outcomes. For example, young women from marginalized ethnic groups may face compounded barriers to education and employment, limiting their economic potential and that of their communities. Addressing these intersectional challenges requires comprehensive policies that consider the specific needs and experiences of different demographic groups.
In summary, demographic factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity significantly influence economic development. Policies that promote gender equality, support aging populations, and ensure inclusivity for all ethnic groups are essential for maximizing economic growth and creating equitable, sustainable development.
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