Should governments prioritize investment in public transportation over individual vehicle ownership?
Enhancing crop traits through protein modification involves: 1. **Gene Editing**: Use CRISPR/Cas9 for precise modifications in the plant genome. 2. **Introducing Novel Proteins**: Incorporate proteins from other organisms to confer beneficial traits like pest resistance. 3. **RNA Interference (RNAi)Read more
Enhancing crop traits through protein modification involves:
1. **Gene Editing**: Use CRISPR/Cas9 for precise modifications in the plant genome.
2. **Introducing Novel Proteins**: Incorporate proteins from other organisms to confer beneficial traits like pest resistance.
3. **RNA Interference (RNAi)**: Suppress genes responsible for undesirable traits using RNAi technology.
4. **Protein Modification**: Adjust proteins post-translationally to enhance stability and functionality, often through methods like glycosylation.
5. **Synthetic Biology**: Design new proteins or variants optimized for specific agricultural functions, such as improving photosynthesis or stress tolerance.
6. **Delivery Systems**: Utilize nanoparticles or other carriers to efficiently deliver modified or synthetic proteins into plants.
These methods collectively aim to improve crop traits such as yield, resistance to pests and diseases, nutrient content, and adaptability to environmental stresses, contributing to sustainable and efficient agriculture.
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providing facilities for transporting crude oil and natural gas.
Model Answer Introduction Urban areas are the engines of India's economic growth, contributing about 65% of the nation's GDP. With urbanization accelerating, this share is expected to reach 70% by 2030. To sustain this momentum, efficient urban mass transport systems are critical for overcoming congRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Urban areas are the engines of India’s economic growth, contributing about 65% of the nation’s GDP. With urbanization accelerating, this share is expected to reach 70% by 2030. To sustain this momentum, efficient urban mass transport systems are critical for overcoming congestion, reducing emissions, and enhancing productivity.
The Significance of Urban Mass Transport for India’s Economic Development
Efficient urban transport fosters high-density development by overcoming the limitations of private vehicle usage. This enhances economic clustering and productivity.
Public transport is significantly more energy-efficient, using only a sixth of the energy per passenger mile compared to private vehicles.
Improved transit systems save commuting time, especially in traffic-heavy cities like Bengaluru, enabling better utilization of working hours.
Affordable and accessible mass transit connects marginalized communities in urban peripheries to economic hubs, fostering equity.
Improved connectivity broadens the labor market by making jobs more accessible to workers from diverse locations.
Efficient public transport reduces pollution exposure and health risks.
Challenges to Urban Mass Transport
Way Forward
Implement policies like the Green Urban Transport Scheme and FAME to promote electric and efficient mobility.
Encourage compact urban development near transit hubs, as seen in Hong Kong.
Introduce congestion fees for private vehicles and expand shared mobility options.
Conclusion
Urban mass transport is a cornerstone of India’s economic development, addressing connectivity, equity, and environmental challenges. Prioritizing its expansion and modernization is essential for sustaining growth and achieving sustainability goals.
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