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Ethics

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Home/Ethics/Page 8

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 3, 2024In:
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Answer the question in maximum 10 words. This question carries 02 marks. [MPPSC 2023] Which Administrative Reforms Commission made ethics in government a priority?

upsc: ethics in public administration
  1. Avantika Ali
    Avantika Ali Learner

    Administrative Reforms Commission and Ethics in Governance The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC), established by the Government of India in 2005, stressed the importance of ethics in governance. This commission was headed by M. Veerappa Moily and played a crucial role in recommending vaRead more

    Administrative Reforms Commission and Ethics in Governance

    The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC), established by the Government of India in 2005, stressed the importance of ethics in governance. This commission was headed by M. Veerappa Moily and played a crucial role in recommending various reforms aimed at improving the efficiency and ethical standards of governance in India.

    1. Overview of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission

    • Establishment: The Second Administrative Reforms Commission was constituted in 2005.
    • Chairperson: The commission was chaired by M. Veerappa Moily, a prominent Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Karnataka.
    • Objective: The primary aim was to suggest measures for enhancing the effectiveness of the administrative system and improving governance.

    2. Focus on Ethics in Governance

    The Second Administrative Reforms Commission placed significant emphasis on ethics in governance. The key aspects highlighted were:

    • Integrity and Transparency: The commission emphasized the need for high ethical standards among public officials to ensure transparency and integrity in public administration.
    • Anti-Corruption Measures: It recommended various strategies to curb corruption and ensure accountability in the functioning of government institutions.
    • Strengthening Institutions: Suggested reforms included strengthening institutions like the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) and the Lokpal to enhance oversight and address corruption.
    • Recent Example: The recommendations of the Second ARC influenced the enactment of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, which established the Lokpal as an anti-corruption watchdog to oversee and address corruption in high public offices.

    3. Key Recommendations by the Second ARC on Ethics

    The Second ARC’s report, titled “Promoting Ethics in Governance”, included several critical recommendations:

    • Ethics Code for Public Servants: Recommended the formulation of a comprehensive code of ethics for public servants to guide their conduct and decision-making.
    • Training and Education: Emphasized the need for regular training programs to promote ethical behavior and integrity among government officials.
    • Public Accountability: Advocated for mechanisms to ensure greater public accountability and transparency in government operations.
    • Recent Example: The establishment of ethics committees and training programs in various government departments and public sector enterprises reflects the ARC’s emphasis on ethical conduct. For instance, the Ethics Committee of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) plays a role in promoting and enforcing ethical standards among its members.

    4. Impact and Implementation

    The recommendations of the Second ARC have had a significant impact on:

    • Policy Reforms: Many of the commission’s recommendations have been integrated into government policies and procedures to enhance ethical governance.
    • Institutional Changes: Reforms have led to the strengthening of institutions responsible for overseeing ethical practices and combating corruption.
    • Recent Example: The Digital India initiative and the introduction of various e-Governance platforms are aimed at increasing transparency and reducing opportunities for corruption, reflecting the ARC’s emphasis on ethical governance.

    Conclusion

    The Second Administrative Reforms Commission was instrumental in stressing the importance of ethics in governance. Its recommendations focused on enhancing integrity, transparency, and accountability within the public administration system. The influence of the Second ARC is evident in recent legislative and institutional reforms aimed at promoting ethical practices and combating corruption. The emphasis on ethics continues to shape governance policies and practices, ensuring a more accountable and transparent administrative system.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 28, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Context: Introduce the concept of ethical values and the perception of the good life in modern society. Thesis Statement: Assert that the crisis of ethical values is largely due to a narrow understanding of the good life, ...

upsc: human values
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The crisis of ethical values in modern times stems from a narrow perception of the good life, which often prioritizes materialism and individualism. This limited view leads to a diminished concern for others and the broader community, ultimately undermining ethical principlRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The crisis of ethical values in modern times stems from a narrow perception of the good life, which often prioritizes materialism and individualism. This limited view leads to a diminished concern for others and the broader community, ultimately undermining ethical principles.

    Body

    Firstly, the pervasive emphasis on materialism and consumerism has significantly eroded ethical values. Many individuals focus on accumulating wealth and possessions, neglecting personal development and contributions to the common good. For instance, the fashion industry exemplifies this issue; it is a major contributor to environmental degradation and labor exploitation. Consumers frequently prioritize trendy brands without considering the ethical implications of their purchases, fostering a culture where personal satisfaction outweighs environmental and social justice concerns.

    Secondly, individualism plays a crucial role in this ethical decline. Many people prioritize self-interest over the welfare of others, leading to disregard for social justice and equality. Income inequality is a glaring example, as individuals often pursue their financial success while ignoring systemic injustices. This focus on personal gain detracts from advocacy for policies that promote equity and the common good.

    Moreover, the opioid epidemic in the U.S. illustrates the ethical crisis within the healthcare industry. Pharmaceutical companies prioritized profits over patient welfare, contributing to widespread addiction. Similarly, child labor persists in developing countries due to the demand for cheap goods, reflecting a disregard for ethical labor practices.

    Discrimination and corruption further highlight the impact of a narrow perception of the good life, where self-interest leads to unethical behavior in politics and society.

    Conclusion

    To address the crisis of ethical values, a broader perception of the good life is essential—one that emphasizes social justice, environmental sustainability, and the common good. Through education, ethical consumerism, and community engagement, society can cultivate a more ethical and just framework for future generations.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 13, 2024In:

It is understandable that we should not get involved in grossly unethical practices, but giving and accepting small gratifications and doing small favours increases everybody's motivation. It also makes the system more efficient. What is wrong in adopting such practices? Critically analyze the above viewpoints. On the basis of this analysis, what will be your advice to your friend? (250 words)[UPSC 2014]It is understandable that we should not get involved in grossly unethical practices, but giving and accepting small gratifications and doing small favours increases everybody's motivation. It also makes the system more efficient. What is wrong in adopting such practices? Critically analyze the above viewpoints. On the basis of this analysis, what will be your advice to your friend? (250 words)[UPSC 2014]

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While it seems sense that we shouldn’t engage in egregiously immoral behavior, everyone is more motivated when they receive and provide modest rewards and perform tiny favors. It also increases the efficiency of the system. What is the issue with ...

upsc: ethics case studies
  1. Shikhar Mehrotra
    Shikhar Mehrotra Learner

      Critical Analysis of Small Gratifications and Ethical Practices In contemporary settings, small gratifications and favors are often seen as mechanisms to boost motivation and efficiency. However, this practice requires careful scrutiny. 1. Erosion of Ethical Standards Undermining Integrity: ARead more

     

    Critical Analysis of Small Gratifications and Ethical Practices

    In contemporary settings, small gratifications and favors are often seen as mechanisms to boost motivation and efficiency. However, this practice requires careful scrutiny.

    1. Erosion of Ethical Standards

    Undermining Integrity: Accepting or giving small gratifications, though seemingly benign, can gradually erode ethical standards. This normalization of minor unethical practices can lead to a slippery slope, where the boundaries of acceptable behavior are progressively blurred. For instance, in India’s education sector, instances of minor favors in the form of gifts to facilitate admissions or better grades have become prevalent, undermining the integrity of the system.

    2. Inequality and Unfair Practices

    Creating Inequities: Small favors can create unfair advantages for those who engage in such practices, perpetuating inequality. This was evident in the 2019 college admissions scandal in the U.S., where affluent families used bribery to secure spots for their children in prestigious institutions. Such practices create an uneven playing field, disadvantaging deserving candidates who do not partake in these practices.

    3. Legal and Reputational Risks

    Potential Legal Consequences: Engaging in even minor unethical practices can have legal repercussions and damage reputations. For example, the ICICI Bank-Videocon loan case highlighted how even seemingly minor unethical actions, when compounded, can lead to significant legal and reputational damage.

    4. Impact on Organizational Culture

    Cultural Degradation: Small gratifications can negatively impact organizational culture, fostering an environment where merit and hard work are undervalued. This can lead to diminished trust and morale among employees who feel that promotions and rewards are based on favoritism rather than performance.

    Advice to a Friend

    Adhere to Ethical Standards: While small gratifications may appear harmless, they compromise long-term integrity and fairness. Encourage your friend to adhere to ethical practices, even in the face of systemic inefficiencies. Building a reputation for fairness and integrity, though challenging, will yield sustainable personal and professional growth. Promoting transparency and meritocracy is crucial for long-term success and societal trust.

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Sanjana Sivashankar
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Sanjana SivashankarBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , ,
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At what age can low emotional intelligence be identified, particularly if observed during childhood? What steps should be taken next, and what roles should parents and schools play in supporting emotional development?

  1. Ayush Agarwal
    Ayush Agarwal Begginer

    Low emotional intelligence can often be identified in childhood through various behavioral indicators such as difficulty in expressing emotions, struggles with empathy, and challenges in managing interpersonal relationships. These signs may become evident as early as preschool years when children beRead more

    Low emotional intelligence can often be identified in childhood through various behavioral indicators such as difficulty in expressing emotions, struggles with empathy, and challenges in managing interpersonal relationships. These signs may become evident as early as preschool years when children begin interacting more independently with peers and adults.

     

    Once identified, the next steps should focus on providing targeted support and interventions. Parents play a crucial role by creating a supportive and nurturing environment at home, where emotions are openly discussed and validated. They can help children recognize and label their emotions, teach coping strategies, and model healthy emotional regulation.

     

    Schools should complement this effort by incorporating social-emotional learning (SEL) programs into their curriculum. These programs help children develop self-awareness, social skills, and responsible decision-making abilities. Teachers can facilitate classroom discussions on emotions, encourage empathy through cooperative activities, and provide a safe space for students to express their feelings.

     

    Collaboration between parents and schools is essential to ensure a holistic approach to supporting emotional development. Regular communication and sharing of strategies can reinforce emotional learning both at home and in educational settings, fostering resilience and emotional competence in children from an early age.

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Malti devi
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Malti deviLearner
Asked: June 15, 2024In:
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Discrimination and prejudice have the power to escalate confrontations into violent incidents if they are not addressed. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: aptitude
  1. Shikha Singh
    Shikha Singh Begginer

    Prejudice and discrimination can lead to social tensions, which, if left unaddressed, can escalate into violence. For example, historical cases like the Rwandan genocide and the Holocaust were fueled by deep-seated prejudices and discriminatory beliefs. In societies where certain groups are marginalRead more

    1. Prejudice and discrimination can lead to social tensions, which, if left unaddressed, can escalate into violence. For example, historical cases like the Rwandan genocide and the Holocaust were fueled by deep-seated prejudices and discriminatory beliefs.
    2. In societies where certain groups are marginalized or oppressed due to prejudice, the lack of intervention can lead to resentment and anger, ultimately resulting in violent uprisings. For instance, the civil rights movement in the United States was a response to systemic discrimination and prejudice against African Americans.
    3. Failure to address prejudice and discrimination can also lead to inter-group conflicts. In many parts of the world, ethnic or religious tensions have escalated into violent clashes due to the perpetuation of discriminatory attitudes and practices.
    4. In the absence of efforts to address prejudice and discrimination, individuals from marginalized groups may feel alienated and disenfranchised, leading to radicalization and extremist movements that resort to violence as a means of addressing perceived injustices.
    5. Overall, when prejudice and discrimination are not effectively addressed, they can create fertile ground for conflicts to escalate into violence, highlighting the importance of proactive measures to promote understanding, equality, and social harmony.
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Namrata Verma
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Namrata VermaBegginer
Asked: July 22, 2024In: , , ,
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question
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    The "Once a Speaker, Always a Speaker" principle might have been designed to promote impartiality but may also prove a boon and a bane to efficient parliamentary business management in India. Advantages: It would highly increase the impartiality of the Speaker because there would be no chance of eveRead more

    The “Once a Speaker, Always a Speaker” principle might have been designed to promote impartiality but may also prove a boon and a bane to efficient parliamentary business management in India.

    Advantages:

    It would highly increase the impartiality of the Speaker because there would be no chance of ever returning to active party politics and, hence, any perceived or actual biases that may result from future political ambitions.

    Strengthen Democratic Norms: This convention would strengthen the non-partisan character of the office of the Speaker, hence improving the democratic process and further instilling confidence in the institution among the people.

    Reduced Impact of Political Pressure: Since there is no hope of political benefits in the future, the Speaker may not be under so much pressure to make political decisions but rather make impartial ones.

    It may be considered a limitation of the political career of someone holding the office of Speaker, thereby discouraging men and women of good standing from holding such an office.

    -Potential Not to Join Party After Term Has Been Completed: The potential not to join their party once their term has been served would reduce the incentive for highly qualified people to seek the position of Speaker.

    Detachment from Political Realities: A Speaker permanently disconnected in active politics may become disoriented from the dynamic political scenario and thus would not be able to efficiently preside over the business of parliament and understand the nuances of contemporary political oratory.

    Constitutional Issues: It may even attract constitutional questions because it can breach one’s right to associate oneself or oneself with political activity.

    Alternative approaches to the “Once a Speaker, Always a Speaker” principle can be utilized to neutralize the office of the Speaker as follows:

    -Strengthening the existing norms and conventions: It could be in focusing on strengthening existing norms and conventions governing the office of the Speaker to be directed toward non-partisanship and impartiality.

    -Public awareness of the importance of the Speaker’s neutrality as well as to the need of maintaining the office dignity.
    -Policies on periodical and clear review of conduct of the Speaker so that judgment is perceived not to be arbitrary and concerns will be addressed.

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Kumudini Lakhia
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Kumudini LakhiaEnthusiast
Asked: January 28, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define environmental ethics as a branch of ethics focused on the moral relationship between humans and the natural environment. Mention the importance of understanding our responsibilities toward nature. 2. Importance of Studying Environmental Ethics Moral Obligations: Highlight the understanding ...

upsc: dimensions of ethics
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Environmental ethics is a branch of ethics that examines the moral relationship between humans and the natural environment. It involves exploring the ethical questions arising from human interactions with nature, including our responsibilities and obligations toward the natRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Environmental ethics is a branch of ethics that examines the moral relationship between humans and the natural environment. It involves exploring the ethical questions arising from human interactions with nature, including our responsibilities and obligations toward the natural world.

    Importance of Studying Environmental Ethics

    1. Moral Obligations:
      • Environmental ethics clarifies the moral duties humans have toward the environment, such as the duty to protect biodiversity and preserve natural habitats (Ehrlich & Pringle, 2008).
    2. Sustainable Development:
      • It assists in balancing development with conservation, ensuring that present needs do not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own (Brundtland Commission, 1987).
    3. Decision Making:
      • Environmental ethics provides a framework for making informed decisions that impact the environment, guiding land use planning, resource management, and environmental policy (Norton, 1991).

    Environmental Issue: Deforestation

    Deforestation refers to the large-scale clearing of forests for agriculture, logging, and urbanization. India has experienced significant forest loss, ranking second globally in deforestation over a short period (FAO, 2020). From an environmental ethics perspective, deforestation raises critical ethical concerns:

    1. Loss of Biodiversity:
      • Forests host diverse species, and their destruction leads to habitat loss. The Western Ghats in India, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is under threat from deforestation, endangering numerous endemic species (IUCN, 2014).
    2. Climate Change:
      • Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing CO2. Deforestation releases stored carbon, exacerbating global warming. The Himalayan region’s deforestation contributes to glacier melting and increases the risk of landslides (IPCC, 2021).
    3. Impact on Indigenous Communities:
      • Many indigenous groups rely on forests for their livelihoods and cultural identity. Deforestation displaces these communities, violating their rights. For instance, the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha faces threats from mining activities in their ancestral lands (Survival International, 2017).

    Conclusion

    Studying environmental ethics is essential for understanding our moral responsibilities toward the environment. Deforestation exemplifies the pressing ethical issues we face, including biodiversity loss, climate change, and the displacement of indigenous communities. Addressing these concerns is vital for achieving a sustainable future.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 28, 2024In:
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Land needed for mining, dams and other large-scale projects is acquired mostly from Adivasis, hill dwellers and rural communities. The displaced persons are paid monetary compensation as per the legal provisions. However, the payment is often tardy. In any case, ...

upsc: ethics case studies
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The displacement of marginalized communities for large-scale projects, such as mining and dams, often results in inadequate compensation and a loss of traditional lifestyles. This unjust distribution of costs favors industries and urban communities, while the displaced suffRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The displacement of marginalized communities for large-scale projects, such as mining and dams, often results in inadequate compensation and a loss of traditional lifestyles. This unjust distribution of costs favors industries and urban communities, while the displaced suffer. A robust compensation-cum-rehabilitation policy is essential to address these inequities.

    Body

    Key Elements of the Suggested Policy

    1. Adequate and Timely Compensation:
      • Description: Ensure fair and prompt monetary compensation based on current market value and future earning potential.
      • Justification: Compensation must support livelihoods during the transition, preventing long-term financial hardship.
    2. Skill Development and Employment Opportunities:
      • Description: Implement vocational training and education programs tailored to the needs of displaced communities.
      • Justification: Enhancing employability will help individuals secure sustainable livelihoods, reducing dependency on low-paid migrant work.
    3. Alternative Livelihood Support:
      • Description: Promote agricultural initiatives, cottage industries, or community enterprises that align with local skills and resources.
      • Justification: This approach fosters self-reliance and economic independence for displaced persons.
    4. Social Infrastructure Development:
      • Description: Invest in healthcare, education, and community centers in resettlement areas.
      • Justification: Ensuring access to essential services facilitates a smoother transition and improves quality of life.
    5. Participatory Decision-Making:
      • Description: Involve affected communities in consultations about compensation and rehabilitation efforts.
      • Justification: Empowering communities ensures policies reflect their needs and aspirations, fostering a sense of ownership.
    6. Environmental Conservation:
      • Description: Integrate eco-restoration and sustainable practices to mitigate environmental impacts.
      • Justification: Protecting the environment benefits both communities and ecosystems, promoting long-term sustainability.
    7. Monitoring and Evaluation:
      • Description: Establish a mechanism to assess policy effectiveness and adapt as needed.
      • Justification: Regular evaluations ensure that the needs of displaced communities are continuously met.

    Conclusion

    By incorporating these elements into a comprehensive compensation-cum-rehabilitation policy, it is possible to address the unjust distribution of costs and benefits. This policy aims to empower displaced persons, enabling them to rebuild their lives with dignity and sustainability.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: August 27, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define International Relations: Briefly explain what international relations encompass—diplomatic, trade, and military interactions among nations. Thesis Statement: Introduce the three pillars of international relations: strength, peace, and security, highlighting their significance in maintaining global stability. 2. Body A. The ...

upsc: ethical issues in international relations & funding
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction International relations encompass the interactions among nations, including diplomatic, economic, and military engagements. The effectiveness of these interactions is grounded in three fundamental pillars: strength, peace, and security. Each pillar plays a critical role inRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    International relations encompass the interactions among nations, including diplomatic, economic, and military engagements. The effectiveness of these interactions is grounded in three fundamental pillars: strength, peace, and security. Each pillar plays a critical role in shaping the dynamics of global relations and ensuring a stable international environment.

    Body

    1. Strength

    Strength refers to a nation’s capability to protect its interests, maintain sovereignty, and project power globally. This can be manifested through military, economic, and diplomatic means.

    • Example: The United States is often regarded as a superpower, bolstered by its military might and economic influence, which allows it to shape global policies and alliances.
    • Example: China’s rapid economic growth has positioned it as a significant global player, enabling it to exert influence in international affairs, such as through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (World Bank, 2021).
    • Example: The United Kingdom’s nuclear capabilities and military alliances, particularly with the U.S. through NATO, enhance its global standing and influence.

    2. Peace

    Peace represents the absence of conflict and the presence of cooperation and stability among nations. It is often achieved through diplomatic efforts, international law, and conflict resolution mechanisms.

    • Example: The United Nations has facilitated the peace process between Israel and Palestine, aiming to resolve ongoing tensions and promote lasting peace (UN Resolution 242, 1967).
    • Example: The Good Friday Agreement successfully ended the conflict in Northern Ireland, marking a significant achievement in peacebuilding (BBC, 1998).
    • Example: The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal, seeks to mitigate nuclear proliferation and reduce tensions between Iran and the international community (European Union, 2015).

    3. Security

    Security involves protecting a nation’s populace, territory, and interests from both internal and external threats. This can be achieved through military alliances, intelligence operations, and law enforcement.

    • Example: NATO was established to provide collective security against potential aggressors, exemplifying the importance of military alliances in ensuring national safety (NATO, 1949).
    • Example: United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are deployed in conflict zones, such as South Sudan, to maintain peace and stability, demonstrating a commitment to global security (UN Peacekeeping, 2021).

    Conclusion

    The pillars of strength, peace, and security are interrelated and essential for fostering stable international relations. Strong nations are better equipped to contribute to global peace and security, while peaceful and secure nations can leverage their stability to promote strength and cooperation. As global interdependence increases, nations must collaborate to address common challenges, reinforcing these pillars to enhance mutual benefit and global stability.

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Manju Basain
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Manju BasainBegginer
Asked: July 1, 2024In:
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The Thirukkural promotes a spirit-centered, conscious approach to business ethics that is founded on timeless moral precepts and ideals that ought to guide the behavior of corporate executives. What are the ethical challenges that modern corporations face? How would Thirukkural’s ...

upsc: corporate governance
  1. Veer Singh
    Veer Singh Begginer

    Thirukkural presents a guiding principle for ethical business practices and effective business leadership in organizations. It advocates a conscious and a spirit-centred approach to the subject of business ethics based on eternal values and moral principles, which can help in addressing the ethicalRead more

    Thirukkural presents a guiding principle for ethical business practices and effective business leadership in organizations. It advocates a conscious and a spirit-centred approach to the subject of business ethics based on eternal values and moral principles, which can help in addressing the ethical issues faced by businesses in contemporary times.
    Various ethical issues being faced by businesses in contemporary times are:

    • Lack of fair competition: Businesses in contemporary times often prioritize profits, engage in monopolistic practices, or deceive consumers; thus engaging in unfair business practices leading to the lack of fair competition.
    • Lack of environmental sustainability: When businesses derive profits by engaging in environmentally unsustainable practices leading to carbon emissions, pollution, waste generation etc., they disrupt the relationship between human beings and nature.
    • Unfair labour practices: Businesses often engage in practices like exploitation of employees, inadequate wages, excessively long working hours, etc. Such practices violate the rights of workers, and create an unhealthy work environment.
    • Non-compliance with norms of corporate governance: Disregard for transparency, ethics and core principles of corporate governance are major reasons behind organizational failures.
    • Shareholder vs. stakeholder’s interests: Another conflict being faced is in setting the sole objective of profit making for fulfilling the aspirations of shareholders or serving the overall stakeholders including the people affected by businesses.

    Considering these issues, the teachings of Thiruvalluvar in his epic Thirukkural play a key role in resolving them as highlighted below:

    • It teaches that ethics is the road to wealth and goodwill as there is nothing in this world except ethics, which would bring both reputation and wealth together. Business model should be honest, truthful and should abide by law and respect others.
    • It also highlights that all business models should adopt transparency and truthfulness in all business transactions as it will bring a respectable position in business.
    • It mentions that businesses should not be doing health or environmental hazards, creating toxins or affecting nature and harmony and should not cause temporary or permanent problems to others.
    • A business leader should follow sound ethical principles and should be honest, trustworthy with a high level of integrity. A leader ought to deliver promises to their people or subordinates.
    • It is imperative for leaders to be in the companion of pure and ethical people, so while selecting business partners, managers or when forming a strategic alliance, careful considerations need to be made to ensure that they have a good record of ethical practices.

    Ethical business practices are crucial to overall society’s well-being and good ethical behaviour of the leaders, as advocated by the teachings of Thirukkural. They must be encouraged and given emphasis by the business organizations for an ethical and sustainable corporate governance.

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