Indian economy went into a major transition since independence. And today the economy stands at 5th position compared to the global economy and the growth rate of GDP is around 7%. Major events that led to the change in indian economy: 1. Agricultural policy ( Green revolution) To reverse theRead more
Indian economy went into a major transition since independence. And today the economy stands at 5th position compared to the global economy and the growth rate of GDP is around 7%.
Major events that led to the change in indian economy:
1. Agricultural policy ( Green revolution)
To reverse the agricultural stagnation that persisted since colonial rule, Green revolution policy was undertaken by using High Yielding variety seed (HYV) to promote self-sufficiency and to reduce hunger and poverty.
2. Industrial policies.
The concept of mixed economy led to the establishment of private industries. The 5 year plan undertaken was majorly focused on Iron and Steel industries. Reservations were also made to small scale industries to promote handicrafts.
3. LPG 1991:
The liberalisation policy opened up the economy towards FDI and FII. It gave a boost to the service sector and new jobs like BPO, Accounting, Software industries.
Major Key challenges during the period:
1. Population growth:
With the reforms pursued in the agricultural, industrial and service sector new modern technology arose and improved health care facilities leading to a boom in population. This led to increased dependency on the agricultural sector and migration to urban areas.
2.Infrastructure development:
The major problem arose in the private industries as they tried to establish monopoly by obtaining licences using permit raj and hindering healthy competition. This impacted the infrastructural development and put a strain on government finances.
3.Urbanisation:
In search of jobs many people migrated to the urban areas leading to Urbanization.
Impact of environmental degradation:
1. Increased health costs:
Environmental pollution has created new health problems and these required huge medical costs.
2. Agricultural productivity:
Land degradation led to decrease in quality of the soil and decrease in agricultural productivity.
3.SDG goals
With rising pollution and climatic changes there was a need to establish Sustainable development goals for the world in order to achieve economic growth without straining the resources. And led to adopting 17 SDGs.
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Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful particles in the air we breathe. Primary sources of air pollution include: 1. Industries: industries produce a large amount of harmful gases like nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide through their large power plants directly into the atmosphere. When theseRead more
Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful particles in the air we breathe.
Primary sources of air pollution include:
1. Industries: industries produce a large amount of harmful gases like nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide through their large power plants directly into the atmosphere. When these air is inhaled by us it can cause hazardous diseases.
2. Vehicles: cars, bikes, trucks burn fuel and give out exhaust fumes which contain air pollutants like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, when these pollutants are directly let into the atmosphere it causes air pollution.
3.Rural-household activites: In a few rural areas burning wood, coal, and other fuels for cooking is still encouraged. When these fuels are burned they emit harmful gases which cause air pollution.
4. Uncontrollable natural disasters: natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, dust storms release a lot of smoke & ash into the atmosphere which causes air pollution.
5. Chemical fertilizers used in agriculture: use of fertilizers and pesticides releases ammonia and other toxic chemicals directly into the air along with livestock farming which produces methane into the atmosphere which causes air pollution.
Air pollution can be reduced by the following ways:
1. Use of public transport: Adopting to use busses, trains and shared autos reduce the use of vehicles which produces harmful gases.
2.Saving energy: Turn off lights, appliances, and electronics when not in use. This reduces the demand for energy consumption, which in turn reduces the use of polluting power plants.
3. Recycle ♻️ and reuse: Reduce the use of newly produced materials by recycling the old materials like paper, glass, and plastic to reduce waste, which can create pollution.
4. Afforestation : Trees absorb carbon dioxide and other pollutants which is present in the air, helping to clean the atmosphere.
5.Usage of eco-friendly products: Choose products with fewer or no harmful chemicals, such as natural cleaners and low-VOC paints to reduce the air pollution.
6. Support clean energy: Use renewable energy sources like wind, solar power, or hydro power instead of fossil fuels which emit harmful gases into the air.
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