Answer the question in maximum 50 words/5 to 6 lines. This question carries 05 marks. [MPPSC 2022] “Municipal solid waste can help to reduce energy purchase” is the subject of a brief notice.
The Mariana Trench is the deepest ocean trench in the world, located in the western Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Japan. This crescent-shaped trench is approximately 2,550 kilometers (1,580 miles) long and 69 kilometers (43 miles) wide. The trench's maximum known depth is the CRead more
The Mariana Trench is the deepest ocean trench in the world, located in the western Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines and south of Japan. This crescent-shaped trench is approximately 2,550 kilometers (1,580 miles) long and 69 kilometers (43 miles) wide. The trench’s maximum known depth is the Challenger Deep, which reaches about 10,984 meters (36,037 feet) below sea level, although some measurements have recorded slightly varying depths.
The Mariana Trench is part of the larger global network of mid-ocean ridges and trenches, formed by tectonic activity. It results from the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the smaller Mariana Plate. The immense pressure and lack of sunlight in this extreme environment create unique conditions that support specially adapted organisms, including extremophiles and other deep-sea species.
Scientific exploration of the Mariana Trench has been limited due to its depth and the technological challenges involved. However, significant milestones include the 1960 manned descent by the bathyscaphe Trieste, piloted by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, and more recent unmanned and manned explorations, such as James Cameron’s solo dive in 2012. These missions have provided valuable insights into the trench’s geology, biology, and potential for new scientific discoveries.
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*Municipal Solid Waste: A Renewable Energy Source* Municipal solid waste (MSW) can be harnessed to reduce energy purchases and mitigate environmental concerns. *Benefits:* 1. Renewable Energy Generation: MSW can be converted into energy through waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, such as incineratioRead more
*Municipal Solid Waste: A Renewable Energy Source*
Municipal solid waste (MSW) can be harnessed to reduce energy purchases and mitigate environmental concerns.
*Benefits:*
1. Renewable Energy Generation: MSW can be converted into energy through waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, such as incineration, gasification, and anaerobic digestion.
2. Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: WtE reduces methane production in landfills and decreases reliance on fossil fuels.
3. Energy Self-Sufficiency: MSW-based energy generation reduces dependence on external energy sources.
4. Waste Management: WtE encourages efficient waste collection and segregation.
*Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Technologies:*
1. Incineration: Burning waste to produce electricity/heat.
2. Gasification: Converting waste into synthesis gas (syngas) for energy production.
3. Anaerobic Digestion: Microbial breakdown of organic waste to produce biogas.
*Examples:*
1. Sweden’s waste-to-energy program: 52% of waste is converted into energy.
2. India’s Waste-to-Energy Policy (2016): Encourages WtE projects.
*Challenges:*
1. High upfront costs
2. Public acceptance
3. Technical limitations
*Opportunities:*
1. Energy generation
2. Job creation
3. Reduced landfilling
4. Carbon credits
By leveraging MSW as a renewable energy source, cities can reduce energy purchases, minimize waste disposal issues, and contribute to a sustainable future.
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