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Biodiversity & Environment

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Home/Biodiversity & Environment

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Rakesh kursam
  • 3
Rakesh kursam
Asked: July 8, 2024In:
  • 3

environment
  1. Vj
    Vj Begginer

    Global warming is primarily caused by human activities that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Here are the main contributors: Burning Fossil Fuels: The combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation releases significant amounts of carbon dioxidRead more

    Global warming is primarily caused by human activities that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Here are the main contributors:

    Burning Fossil Fuels: The combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases.

    Deforestation: Cutting down forests reduces the number of trees that can absorb CO₂, increasing the amount of this gas in the atmosphere.

    Agriculture: Farming practices, including livestock production, release methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), potent greenhouse gases.

    Industrial Processes: Manufacturing and industrial activities emit various greenhouse gases, including CO₂, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

    These activities enhance the natural greenhouse effect, leading to a rise in Earth’s average temperature.

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Vaishnav Krishnan
  • 3
Vaishnav KrishnanBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 3

question
  1. Vaishali Shanmugam
    Vaishali Shanmugam Begginer

    Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful particles in the air we breathe. Primary sources of air pollution include: 1. Industries: industries produce a large amount of harmful gases like nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide through their large power plants directly into the atmosphere. When theseRead more

    Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful particles in the air we breathe.
    Primary sources of air pollution include:

    1. Industries: industries produce a large amount of harmful gases like nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide through their large power plants directly into the atmosphere. When these air is inhaled by us it can cause hazardous diseases.

    2. Vehicles: cars, bikes, trucks burn fuel and give out exhaust fumes which contain air pollutants like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, when these pollutants are directly let into the atmosphere it causes air pollution.

    3.Rural-household activites: In a few rural areas burning wood, coal, and other fuels for cooking is still encouraged. When these fuels are burned they emit harmful gases which cause air pollution.

    4. Uncontrollable natural disasters: natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, dust storms release a lot of smoke & ash into the atmosphere which causes air pollution.

    5. Chemical fertilizers used in agriculture: use of fertilizers and pesticides releases ammonia and other toxic chemicals directly into the air along with livestock farming which produces methane into the atmosphere which causes air pollution.

    Air pollution can be reduced by the following ways:

    1. Use of public transport: Adopting to use busses, trains and shared autos reduce the use of vehicles which produces harmful gases.

    2.Saving energy: Turn off lights, appliances, and electronics when not in use. This reduces the demand for energy consumption, which in turn reduces the use of polluting power plants.

    3. Recycle ♻️  and reuse: Reduce the use of newly produced materials by recycling the old materials like paper, glass, and plastic to reduce waste, which can create pollution.

    4. Afforestation : Trees absorb carbon dioxide and other pollutants which is present in the air, helping to clean the atmosphere.

    5.Usage of  eco-friendly products: Choose products with fewer or no harmful chemicals, such as natural cleaners and low-VOC paints to reduce the air pollution.

    6. Support clean energy: Use renewable energy sources like wind, solar power, or hydro power instead of fossil fuels which emit harmful gases into the air.

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Baishakhi Acharya
  • 2
Baishakhi AcharyaBegginer
Asked: July 9, 2024In:
  • 2

  1. Manasvi Chauhan
    Manasvi Chauhan Begginer

    The phenomenon of climate change is not new but it has accelerated due to human needs and development. While the course of climate change has been the result of the Industrial Revolution over several decades. Natural processes such as changes in the Sun's energy and volcanic eruptions also affect thRead more

    The phenomenon of climate change is not new but it has accelerated due to human needs and development. While the course of climate change has been the result of the Industrial Revolution over several decades. Natural processes such as changes in the Sun’s energy and volcanic eruptions also affect the Earth’s climate.

    Here are the main reasons for climate change in recent times:

    1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The burning of fossil fuels emits large amount of GHGs such as Carbon-dioxide(CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), CFCs and HFCs. These GHGs emissions caused Earth’s temperature to rise and subsequently lead to global warming.

    2. Deforestation: Clearing forests for urban development, agriculture and logging reduces the number of trees that can absorb CO2, thus increasing carbon footprint.

    3. Rapid Industrialization: Since Industrial Revolution, human activities have contributed enormously to concentration of GHGs through manufacturing processes and energy production for making goods.

    4. Urbanization: The rapid growth of urban cities has often lead to increased energy consumption and emissions from vehicles, heating and cooling systems.

    These human- induced factors have hastened the rate of climate change leading to warming of Earth’s surface. Collective efforts are required from governments and individual to reduce the global increase in GHGs.

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Rishika Makkar
  • 2
Rishika MakkarBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In:
  • 2

  1. [Deleted User]
    [Deleted User]

    Oceans are essential in controlling climate since they are responsible for the movements of heat and nutrients both regionally and globally. They are caused by winds at the ocean surface which facilitate the movement of warm water polewards and cold water towards the tropics to regulate global climaRead more

    Oceans are essential in controlling climate since they are responsible for the movements of heat and nutrients both regionally and globally. They are caused by winds at the ocean surface which facilitate the movement of warm water polewards and cold water towards the tropics to regulate global climate. This process is known as thermohaline circulation and this is important in regulating temperature on the global level.

    There are also warm currents such as the Gulf Stream which increases temperatures near coastal waters than inland areas of similar latitude. On the other hand, cold currents like the California current lower temperatures along the coasts resulting in cooler and stable climate conditions.

    ocean currents regulate weather conditions by having an impact on formation and dynamics of storms and precipitation. For instance, the El Niño and La Niña features, which are frontal systems on the Pacific currents, directly affect the climate and cause droughts, floods, and changes in seasonal temperatures.

    Currents also carry nutrients that help sustain organisms in the seas and this affects the carbon flow in the ecosystem. Thus, phytoplankton, the primary producers and the first trophic level of the marine ecosystem remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they take in nutrients during photosynthesis. Some of this carbon is taken to the ocean bottom to contribute in maintaining CO2 balance in the atmosphere and therefore climate change.

     

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P Amulya
  • 2
P AmulyaBegginer
Asked: July 12, 2024In: , ,
  • 2

How does the consumerism lifestyle of humans contributing to the climate change and how does the environmental ethics can be embedded in the making of environmental legislations ?

question
  1. Srikumar sahoo
    Srikumar sahoo Begginer

    Humans' consumerism lifestyle contributes significantly to climate change. Our constant demand for new products leads to increased manufacturing, which in turn results in higher greenhouse gas emissions. This lifestyle also promotes wastefulness, with more goods ending up in landfills, releasing harRead more

    Humans’ consumerism lifestyle contributes significantly to climate change. Our constant demand for new products leads to increased manufacturing, which in turn results in higher greenhouse gas emissions. This lifestyle also promotes wastefulness, with more goods ending up in landfills, releasing harmful pollutants. Plus, the energy used in producing and transporting these goods often comes from fossil fuels, further exacerbating climate change.

    Embedding environmental ethics into legislation is crucial. This can be done by incorporating principles like sustainability, responsibility, and respect for nature into laws and policies. For example, governments can implement stricter regulations on emissions, promote renewable energy sources, and incentivize recycling and sustainable practices. Educating the public about the importance of environmental ethics can also drive support for these laws. By prioritizing the planet in our policies, we can create a more sustainable future.

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Chhavi
  • 2
ChhaviBegginer
Asked: July 12, 2024In:
  • 2

What are the recent trends in climate change in India?

question
  1. Abhishek Gupta
    Abhishek Gupta Learner

    India is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, and recent trends in the country have been alarming. Here are some recent trends in climate change in India: Rising temperatures: India has experienced a steady rise in temperatures over the past few decades, with an average increase oRead more

    India is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, and recent trends in the country have been alarming. Here are some recent trends in climate change in India:

    1. Rising temperatures: India has experienced a steady rise in temperatures over the past few decades, with an average increase of 0.7°C since 1901. The country is expected to see an additional 2-3°C warming by 2050.
    2. Extreme weather events: India has witnessed an increase in extreme weather events such as heatwaves, floods, droughts, and cyclones. Heatwaves have become more frequent and severe, with the 2015 heatwave being the worst on record.
    3. Water scarcity: India is facing a severe water crisis, with many parts of the country experiencing droughts and water scarcity. Climate change is expected to exacerbate this issue.
    4. Sea-level rise: Rising sea levels are threatening coastal communities and cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, which are vulnerable to flooding and saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources.
    5. Agricultural impact: Climate change is affecting agricultural productivity, with changing temperature and precipitation patterns impacting crop yields and food security.
    6. Increased frequency of natural disasters: Natural disasters like landslides, floods, and cyclones are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change.
    7. Urban heat islands: Indian cities are experiencing urban heat islands, where built-up areas absorb and retain heat, making them hotter than surrounding rural areas.
    8. Decline of glaciers: Himalayan glaciers are melting at an alarming rate, threatening the water supply of rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus.
    9. Changes in precipitation patterns: Climate change is altering precipitation patterns in India, leading to more frequent droughts in some areas and floods in others.
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Gauri Swami
  • 2
Gauri SwamiBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In: ,
  • 2

What are the impacts of melting polar ice caps on global sea levels?

  1. sayali
    sayali Begginer

    The melting of polar ice caps has significant impacts on global sea levels, contributing to various environmental, economic, and social challenges. Here are some of the main effects:   **Rising Sea Levels** - **Increased Water Volume**: As polar ice caps melt, the water previously stored as iceRead more

    The melting of polar ice caps has significant impacts on global sea levels, contributing to various environmental, economic, and social challenges. Here are some of the main effects:

     

    1. **Rising Sea Levels**

    – **Increased Water Volume**: As polar ice caps melt, the water previously stored as ice flows into the oceans, directly increasing the volume of seawater and causing sea levels to rise.

    – **Thermal Expansion**: Warmer temperatures cause the ocean water to expand, further contributing to rising sea levels.

     

    1. **Coastal Erosion and Flooding**

    – **Erosion**: Higher sea levels increase the rate of coastal erosion, leading to the loss of land and habitats.

    – **Flooding**: Coastal areas, especially low-lying regions, become more prone to frequent and severe flooding, affecting homes, infrastructure, and ecosystems.

     

    1. **Impact on Coastal Communities**

    – **Displacement**: Rising sea levels can displace millions of people living in coastal areas, leading to environmental refugees and social disruptions.

    – **Economic Losses**: Flooding and erosion can damage property, infrastructure, and industries such as tourism and fishing, leading to significant economic losses.

     

    1. **Ecosystem Changes**

    – **Habitat Loss**: Rising sea levels can inundate coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, wetlands, and estuaries, which are crucial for biodiversity.

    – **Saltwater Intrusion**: Increased sea levels can lead to saltwater intrusion into freshwater aquifers, affecting drinking water supplies and agriculture.

     

    1. **Weather Patterns and Climate**

    – **Storm Intensity**: Higher sea levels can amplify the impact of storm surges and hurricanes, making coastal storms more destructive.

    – **Climate Feedback Loops**: Melting ice reduces the Earth’s albedo (reflectivity), causing more solar energy to be absorbed, which can accelerate global warming and further ice melt.

     

    1. **Global Implications**

    – **Sea Level Rise Projections**: Scientists estimate that continued ice melt could contribute to sea level rise by several feet over the next century, affecting global coastlines.

    – **International Collaboration**: Addressing the impacts of rising sea levels requires international cooperation, as the effects are global and not confined to specific regions.

     

    1. **Human Health**

    – **Health Risks**: Flooding and displacement can lead to increased health risks, including waterborne diseases, food insecurity, and mental health challenges.

     

    1. **Impact on Arctic and Antarctic Communities**

    – **Indigenous Populations**: Melting ice affects the livelihoods and cultures of indigenous communities in the Arctic, who rely on ice for transportation, hunting, and cultural practices.

    – **Infrastructure Damage**: In regions like Alaska and Siberia, thawing permafrost destabilizes infrastructure, including buildings, roads, and pipelines.

     

    1. **Changes in Ocean Circulation**

    – **Disruption of Currents**: Melting polar ice can alter ocean currents, such as the Gulf Stream, impacting weather patterns, marine life, and global climate systems.

     

    Mitigating the impacts of melting polar ice caps requires global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, implement adaptive strategies for vulnerable communities, and invest in sustainable practices to slow down global warming and sea level rise.

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Anjali N
  • 2
Anjali NBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
  • 2

How is climate change affected over the years

  1. Vinni Bihari
    Vinni Bihari Begginer

    Climate change has been significantly affecting the planet over the years in the following ways: Rising Temperatures: Global average temperatures have been steadily increasing since the late 19th century, with the last decade (2011-2020) being the warmest on record. The rate of warming has acceleratRead more

    Climate change has been significantly affecting the planet over the years in the following ways:

    1. Rising Temperatures:
      • Global average temperatures have been steadily increasing since the late 19th century, with the last decade (2011-2020) being the warmest on record.
      • The rate of warming has accelerated, with the 2010s being the hottest decade ever recorded.
      • Warming is more pronounced in certain regions, such as the Arctic, which is warming more than twice as fast as the global average.
    2. Melting Ice and Sea Level Rise:
      • Arctic sea ice extent has declined rapidly, with the Arctic region experiencing significant ice loss.
      • Glaciers around the world have been retreating and losing mass at an accelerated pace, particularly in mountain regions.
      • The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been experiencing significant melt and mass loss, contributing to the rise in global average sea levels.
      • Global average sea levels have risen by about 8-9 inches (21-24 cm) since 1900, with the rate of rise accelerating in recent decades.
    3. Extreme Weather Events:
      • The frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, wildfires, floods, and hurricanes, have increased significantly in many regions.
      • These extreme events have caused significant damage, disruption, and loss of life in affected communities.
    4. Shifts in Precipitation Patterns:
      • Climate change is altering precipitation patterns, leading to changes in the frequency, intensity, and distribution of rainfall and snowfall around the world.
      • Some regions are experiencing more frequent and severe droughts, while others are seeing an increase in heavy precipitation events and flooding.
    5. Ecosystem and Biodiversity Impacts:
      • Climate change is causing significant disruptions to natural ecosystems, leading to the loss of biodiversity, habitat degradation, and the displacement or extinction of many species.
      • Coral reefs, tropical forests, Arctic tundra, and other sensitive ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
    6. Socioeconomic Consequences:
      • The impacts of climate change are having far-reaching socioeconomic consequences, including threats to food and water security, human health, infrastructure, and economic stability.
      • These effects disproportionately impact vulnerable communities and developing countries.
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Anushika rastogi
  • 2
Anushika rastogi
Asked: July 8, 2024In: ,
  • 2

Discuss the major phases and milestones of the Indian economy since independence, such as initial industrialization, the Green Revolution, and economic liberalization in the 1990s. Highlight the key challenges faced, including population growth and infrastructure development. Address the impact of ...

question
  1. Navya Banda
    Navya Banda Begginer

    Indian economy went into a major transition since independence. And today the economy stands at 5th position compared to the global economy and the growth rate of GDP is around 7%.   Major events that led to the change in indian economy: 1. Agricultural policy ( Green revolution) To reverse theRead more

    Indian economy went into a major transition since independence. And today the economy stands at 5th position compared to the global economy and the growth rate of GDP is around 7%.

     

    Major events that led to the change in indian economy:

    1. Agricultural policy ( Green revolution)

    To reverse the agricultural stagnation that persisted since colonial rule, Green revolution policy was undertaken by using High Yielding variety seed (HYV) to promote self-sufficiency and to reduce hunger and poverty.

    2. Industrial policies.

    The concept of mixed economy led to the establishment of private industries. The 5 year plan undertaken was majorly focused on Iron and Steel industries. Reservations were also made to small scale industries to promote handicrafts.

    3. LPG 1991:

    The liberalisation policy opened up the economy towards FDI and FII. It gave a boost to the service sector and new jobs like BPO, Accounting, Software industries.

     

    Major Key challenges during the period:

    1. Population growth:

    With the reforms pursued in the agricultural, industrial and service sector new modern technology arose and improved health care facilities leading to a boom in population. This led to increased dependency on the agricultural sector and migration to urban areas.

    2.Infrastructure development:

    The major problem arose in the private industries as they tried to establish monopoly by obtaining licences using permit raj and hindering healthy competition. This impacted the infrastructural development and put a strain on government finances.

    3.Urbanisation:

    In search of jobs many people migrated to the urban areas leading to Urbanization.

    Impact of environmental degradation:

    1. Increased health costs:

    Environmental pollution has created new health problems and these required huge medical costs.

    2. Agricultural productivity:

    Land degradation led to decrease in quality of the soil and decrease in agricultural productivity.

    3.SDG goals

    With rising pollution and climatic changes there was a need to establish Sustainable development goals for the world in order to achieve economic growth without straining the resources. And led to adopting 17 SDGs.

     

     

     

     

     

     

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Mousumi Rajkumari
  • 2
Mousumi RajkumariBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In:
  • 2

  1. Darshan Malik
    Darshan Malik Learner

    Heavy metals can have both positive and negative effects on the growth of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), which are microorganisms that have the ability to solubilize insoluble phosphates, making them available to plants. Positive effects of heavy metals on PSB growth: Enhanced biomass producRead more

    Heavy metals can have both positive and negative effects on the growth of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), which are microorganisms that have the ability to solubilize insoluble phosphates, making them available to plants.

    Positive effects of heavy metals on PSB growth:

    1. Enhanced biomass production: Some heavy metals like copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) can stimulate the growth of PSB by increasing the production of biomass and protein content. This is because these metals can act as micronutrients, playing a crucial role in various cellular processes.
    2. Increased enzyme activity: Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) can increase the activity of enzymes involved in phosphate solubilization, such as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. This can enhance the ability of PSB to solubilize phosphates.
    3. Induced expression of genes: Heavy metals can induce the expression of genes involved in phosphate solubilization, such as the genes encoding for phytase, an enzyme that breaks down phytate, a form of phosphate.

    Negative effects of heavy metals on PSB growth:

    1. Inhibition of growth: High concentrations of heavy metals like mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) can inhibit the growth of PSB by damaging their cell membranes, disrupting their metabolic processes, and altering their gene expression.
    2. Toxicity: Some heavy metals can be toxic to PSB, leading to cell death or reduced growth rates. For example, high concentrations of Cu can cause oxidative stress and membrane damage in PSB.
    3. Changes in biofilm formation: Heavy metals can alter the biofilm formation and structure of PSB, which is essential for their survival and phosphate solubilization activities
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On: March 8, 2025

Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (8 March 2025)

Examine the key issues that obstruct the development of port infrastructure in India and outline the recent measures taken by the government to address these challenges. (Answer in 200 words) भारत में बंदरगाह अवसंरचना के विकास में आने वाली विभिन्न ...

On: March 7, 2025 Comments: 0

मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष का प्रबंधन

प्रधानमंत्री की घोषणा: मानव-वन्यजीव संघर्ष प्रबंधन के लिए एक समर्पित केंद्र की स्थापना। चुनौतियाँ: जनसंख्या वृद्धि और संसाधनों की प्रतिस्पर्धा। वन्यजीव संरक्षण का महत्व पारिस्थितिक संतुलन और जलवायु अनुकूलन: वन्यजीव पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र को बनाए रखने और जलवायु पैटर्न को विनियमित ...

On: March 7, 2025 Comments: 0

Safeguarding Wildlife, Securing Harmony”

Context: Based on the editorial “Living with animals – the challenges and the solution” published in The Indian Express. Announcement: PM announced a center for managing human-wildlife conflict. (Press Information Bureau (PIB) release or official government announcement.) Importance of Wildlife ...

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