Discuss the major phases and milestones of the Indian economy since independence, such as initial industrialization, the Green Revolution, and economic liberalization in the 1990s. Highlight the key challenges faced, including population growth and infrastructure development. Address the impact of ...
Impact of Climate Change on Women in Indian Society 1. Agriculture and Livelihoods: - Reduced crop yields and food security. - Loss of income affecting economic independence. 2. Water and Resource Scarcity: - Longer distances for water collection. - Health impacts and less time for education. 3. HeaRead more
Impact of Climate Change on Women in Indian Society
1. Agriculture and Livelihoods:
– Reduced crop yields and food security.
– Loss of income affecting economic independence.
2. Water and Resource Scarcity:
– Longer distances for water collection.
– Health impacts and less time for education.
3. Health and Nutrition:
– Increased vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue.
– Malnutrition, especially among pregnant and breastfeeding women.
4. Migration and Displacement:
– Increased vulnerability during and after displacement.
– Higher risks of exploitation, trafficking, and violence.
5. Education and Childcare:
– Girls dropping out of school to support families.
– Perpetuated poverty and limited future opportunities.
6. Increased Workload:
– Greater domestic workload due to resource scarcity.
– Less time for income-generating activities and personal development.
Ways to Curb the Impact
1. Empowering Women through Education and Training:
– Provide education and vocational training.
– Raise awareness about climate change and adaptive strategies.
2. Improving Access to Resources:
– Ensure equal access to land, financial services, and agricultural resources.
– Support climate-resilient crops and farming techniques.
3. Strengthening Healthcare Services:
– Enhance healthcare infrastructure focusing on maternal and child health.
– Provide clean water and sanitation facilities.
4. Promoting Gender-Responsive Policies:
– Integrate gender considerations into climate policies.
– Support women’s participation in decision-making.
5. Supporting Sustainable Livelihoods:
– Fund women-led sustainable businesses.
– Provide training in alternative livelihoods.
6. Enhancing Social Protection:
– Implement social protection schemes like cash transfers.
– Ensure legal protections against exploitation and violence.
7. Community-Based Adaptation:
– Involve women in community-based adaptation projects.
– Support women’s groups focused on climate resilience and sustainability.
Indian economy went into a major transition since independence. And today the economy stands at 5th position compared to the global economy and the growth rate of GDP is around 7%. Major events that led to the change in indian economy: 1. Agricultural policy ( Green revolution) To reverse theRead more
Indian economy went into a major transition since independence. And today the economy stands at 5th position compared to the global economy and the growth rate of GDP is around 7%.
Major events that led to the change in indian economy:
1. Agricultural policy ( Green revolution)
To reverse the agricultural stagnation that persisted since colonial rule, Green revolution policy was undertaken by using High Yielding variety seed (HYV) to promote self-sufficiency and to reduce hunger and poverty.
2. Industrial policies.
The concept of mixed economy led to the establishment of private industries. The 5 year plan undertaken was majorly focused on Iron and Steel industries. Reservations were also made to small scale industries to promote handicrafts.
3. LPG 1991:
The liberalisation policy opened up the economy towards FDI and FII. It gave a boost to the service sector and new jobs like BPO, Accounting, Software industries.
Major Key challenges during the period:
1. Population growth:
With the reforms pursued in the agricultural, industrial and service sector new modern technology arose and improved health care facilities leading to a boom in population. This led to increased dependency on the agricultural sector and migration to urban areas.
2.Infrastructure development:
The major problem arose in the private industries as they tried to establish monopoly by obtaining licences using permit raj and hindering healthy competition. This impacted the infrastructural development and put a strain on government finances.
3.Urbanisation:
In search of jobs many people migrated to the urban areas leading to Urbanization.
Impact of environmental degradation:
1. Increased health costs:
Environmental pollution has created new health problems and these required huge medical costs.
2. Agricultural productivity:
Land degradation led to decrease in quality of the soil and decrease in agricultural productivity.
3.SDG goals
With rising pollution and climatic changes there was a need to establish Sustainable development goals for the world in order to achieve economic growth without straining the resources. And led to adopting 17 SDGs.
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