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Biodiversity & Environment

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Home/Biodiversity & Environment/Page 18

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 4, 2024In:
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Answer the question in maximum 200 words. This question carries 11 marks. [MPPSC 2023] What is an audit of energy use? For what reason is it

mppsc: conservation
  1. Eshani Raman
    Eshani Raman Begginer

    Introduction An energy audit is a systematic examination of an organization’s energy use and consumption, aimed at identifying opportunities to improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. It involves the assessment of energy systems, processes, and practices to identiRead more

    Introduction

    An energy audit is a systematic examination of an organization’s energy use and consumption, aimed at identifying opportunities to improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. It involves the assessment of energy systems, processes, and practices to identify areas where energy can be saved and to recommend measures for optimizing energy use.

    Definition and Process of Energy Audit

    1. Definition of Energy Audit:
      • An energy audit is a comprehensive review of an entity’s energy consumption patterns. It involves evaluating how energy is used, where it is wasted, and identifying potential energy-saving measures. The audit may cover all forms of energy, including electricity, gas, steam, and other fuels.
    2. Process of Energy Audit:
      • Pre-Audit Preparation: This involves defining the scope, setting objectives, and gathering preliminary data on energy consumption and costs.
      • Site Visit and Data Collection: Energy auditors conduct on-site inspections to gather data on energy systems, equipment, and operational practices. This includes reviewing energy bills, measuring energy usage, and assessing the performance of energy systems.
      • Analysis and Evaluation: The collected data is analyzed to identify inefficiencies, potential savings, and areas for improvement. Energy consumption patterns are compared with industry benchmarks.
      • Recommendations and Reporting: Based on the analysis, auditors provide recommendations for improving energy efficiency. This may include suggestions for equipment upgrades, operational changes, and energy management practices. A detailed report is prepared, outlining findings and proposed measures.

    Why Energy Audits Are Needed

    1. Cost Reduction:
      • Energy Savings: Energy audits help identify areas where energy is being wasted and recommend measures to reduce consumption. For example, the Indian Railways implemented energy audits in its operations, leading to significant cost savings through energy-efficient practices and technology upgrades.
      • Operational Efficiency: By optimizing energy use, organizations can lower their operational costs. General Electric (GE), through energy audits, has improved its energy efficiency, resulting in substantial cost reductions.
    2. Environmental Impact:
      • Reduction in Carbon Footprint: Energy audits help in identifying ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by improving energy efficiency and incorporating renewable energy sources. For instance, the Paris Agreement highlights the need for countries and organizations to conduct energy audits as part of their commitments to reduce carbon emissions.
      • Compliance with Regulations: Many countries have regulations and standards requiring energy audits to ensure compliance with environmental laws. In India, the Energy Conservation Act mandates energy audits for large energy-consuming industries to comply with energy efficiency standards.
    3. Enhanced Energy Management:
      • Informed Decision-Making: Energy audits provide valuable data and insights that help organizations make informed decisions about energy management and investments. For example, Microsoft uses energy audit results to make strategic decisions on energy-efficient technologies and practices across its data centers.
      • Benchmarking and Performance Tracking: Regular energy audits allow organizations to benchmark their energy performance against industry standards and track improvements over time. Walmart uses energy audits to benchmark and track energy performance across its global operations.
    4. Strategic Planning and Investment:
      • Identifying Opportunities: Energy audits help identify potential areas for investment in energy-efficient technologies and practices. For instance, IKEA has invested in energy-efficient lighting and HVAC systems based on recommendations from energy audits.
      • Long-Term Savings: Investments made as a result of energy audits can lead to significant long-term savings. Coca-Cola has implemented energy-efficient systems across its bottling plants, resulting in reduced energy costs and improved sustainability.
    5. Improving Organizational Image:
      • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Conducting energy audits and implementing energy-saving measures enhance an organization’s reputation and demonstrate its commitment to sustainability. Unilever, for example, uses energy audits to support its sustainability goals and improve its public image.

    Recent Examples and Case Studies

    1. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC): DMRC conducts regular energy audits to optimize energy consumption across its network. The implementation of energy-saving measures has led to a significant reduction in energy costs and a lower carbon footprint.
    2. Tata Steel: Tata Steel has performed energy audits to enhance the efficiency of its steel production processes. The audits have identified areas for energy savings, leading to reduced operational costs and improved environmental performance.
    3. Mahindra & Mahindra: The company has used energy audits to optimize energy use in its manufacturing plants. This has resulted in substantial energy savings and supports the company’s sustainability initiatives.

    Conclusion

    An energy audit is a critical tool for identifying opportunities to improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. It provides valuable insights that help organizations optimize their energy use, comply with regulations, and achieve long-term savings. With increasing focus on sustainability and energy conservation, regular energy audits are essential for organizations aiming to enhance their operational efficiency and environmental performance.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define the Jal Shakti Abhiyan. State its significance in addressing water conservation and security in India. 2. Salient Features of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan Integrated Approach: Explain the collaboration among various ministries, departments, and stakeholders for comprehensive water management. Water Conservation ...

upsc: conservation
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The Jal Shakti Abhiyan, launched by the Government of India, is a pivotal initiative aimed at enhancing water conservation and security across the nation. This comprehensive campaign incorporates various strategies to promote efficient water management and increase water avRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The Jal Shakti Abhiyan, launched by the Government of India, is a pivotal initiative aimed at enhancing water conservation and security across the nation. This comprehensive campaign incorporates various strategies to promote efficient water management and increase water availability.

    Salient Features of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan

    1. Integrated Approach:
      The Abhiyan adopts a holistic strategy by uniting multiple ministries, departments, and stakeholders. This collaborative effort aims to tackle water conservation comprehensively.
    2. Water Conservation Campaigns:
      A significant focus is placed on grassroots awareness and education. The program engages communities, schools, and institutions to adopt water-saving practices and techniques, fostering a culture of conservation.
    3. Water Resource Assessment:
      The initiative includes thorough assessments of water resources, evaluating groundwater levels, availability, and quality. This helps identify areas facing water stress and facilitates sustainable water management planning.
    4. Rainwater Harvesting:
      The promotion of rainwater harvesting techniques is central to the Abhiyan. It encourages the construction of rooftop systems, check dams, and percolation tanks to recharge groundwater levels.
    5. Water Budgeting and Crop Planning:
      Efficient water budgeting and crop planning are emphasized. The program promotes micro-irrigation, crop diversification, and optimal water use in agriculture to enhance productivity.
    6. Renovation of Traditional Water Bodies:
      The Abhiyan focuses on restoring traditional water bodies like ponds and lakes, which helps augment water storage, recharge groundwater, and improve rural water availability.
    7. Revival of Rivers:
      To rejuvenate rivers, the initiative emphasizes river basin planning and ecological restoration, ensuring minimum environmental flows and sustainable management practices.
    8. Policy Reforms:
      The program advocates for necessary policy reforms and regulatory mechanisms to enhance water governance, strengthening laws and frameworks for effective implementation.

    Conclusion

    The Jal Shakti Abhiyan encompasses vital measures such as rainwater harvesting, restoration of traditional water bodies, and awareness campaigns. These initiatives are essential for sustainable water resource management and securing water availability for future generations.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Define the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). State its purpose in combating air pollution and improving air quality in India. 2. Key Features of the NCAP Comprehensive City-specific Action Plans: Explain the focus on 102 non-attainment cities where pollution exceeds ...

upsc: conservation
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), launched by the Government of India, is a crucial initiative aimed at addressing air pollution and enhancing air quality across the nation. This comprehensive program implements various strategies to mitigate pollution sources and prRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), launched by the Government of India, is a crucial initiative aimed at addressing air pollution and enhancing air quality across the nation. This comprehensive program implements various strategies to mitigate pollution sources and promote cleaner air for the health and well-being of citizens.

    Key Features of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP):

    1. Comprehensive City-specific Action Plans:
      The NCAP targets 102 non-attainment cities, where pollution levels exceed prescribed standards. Each city is required to develop and implement specific action plans that outline tailored strategies to reduce pollution levels effectively.
    2. Sectoral Interventions:
      Adopting a multi-sectoral approach, the NCAP addresses various pollution sources across sectors, including transport, industry, residential areas, and waste management. This holistic strategy ensures that all major contributors to air pollution are targeted.
    3. Collaborative Governance:
      The program promotes collaborative governance by engaging central and state government agencies, local bodies, and stakeholders. This coordinated effort among different departments is essential for effectively achieving the program’s goals.
    4. City-level Monitoring Networks:
      To facilitate real-time monitoring of air quality, the NCAP establishes city-level monitoring networks. These networks consist of continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations, enabling data-driven decision-making and timely interventions.
    5. Technology Interventions:
      The NCAP encourages the adoption of advanced technology for air pollution control. This includes promoting cleaner fuel options, implementing stringent emission standards for industries and vehicles, and utilizing cutting-edge pollution control technologies.
    6. Public Participation and Awareness:
      Recognizing the vital role of public engagement, the NCAP aims to raise awareness about the health effects of air pollution and encourages citizen participation in initiatives for cleaner air.

    Conclusion

    The National Clean Air Programme encompasses key features such as city-specific action plans, sectoral interventions, collaborative governance, and public awareness efforts. By implementing these measures, the NCAP strives to ensure sustainable and breathable air for all citizens of India.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 10, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Introduce Sikkim as India’s first “Organic State.” Briefly state the significance of this achievement. Ecological Benefits of an Organic State Conservation of Soil and Water Explain how organic farming practices use natural fertilizers and pest control. Fact: These practices reduce soil erosion ...

upsc: conservation
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Sikkim proudly holds the title of India’s first “Organic State,” a distinction that brings forth significant ecological and economic benefits. This transition to organic farming practices showcases the positive impacts on both the environment and the local economy. EcologicRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Sikkim proudly holds the title of India’s first “Organic State,” a distinction that brings forth significant ecological and economic benefits. This transition to organic farming practices showcases the positive impacts on both the environment and the local economy.

    Ecological Benefits of Organic State

    Conservation of Soil and Water

    Organic farming in Sikkim emphasizes the use of natural fertilizers and pest management techniques, which significantly reduce soil erosion and protect water bodies. This conservation effort ensures sustainable management of soil and water resources, fostering a healthier ecosystem.

    Biodiversity Preservation

    By avoiding synthetic pesticides and genetically modified organisms, organic farming practices in Sikkim promote biodiversity. This approach helps maintain ecological balance and supports the health of various plant and animal species, contributing to a richer, more resilient environment.

    Reduced Environmental Pollution

    The elimination of chemical fertilizers and pesticides minimizes pollution in air, water, and soil. Sikkim’s organic status leads to cleaner ecosystems, resulting in fewer negative impacts on human and animal health, thereby improving overall environmental quality.

    Economic Benefits of Organic State

    Market Demand and Premium Prices

    Sikkim’s recognition as an organic state enhances its market competitiveness. The growing global demand for organic products provides lucrative opportunities for local farmers, who can command premium prices for their organic produce, boosting their income.

    Sustainable Agriculture and Cost Savings

    Organic farming reduces reliance on expensive synthetic inputs, leading to long-term cost savings for farmers. Additionally, organic practices enhance soil fertility and productivity, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices that benefit the economy.

    Tourism and Ecotourism

    Sikkim’s organic status attracts eco-conscious tourists and nature enthusiasts. The promotion of organic agriculture and the state’s pristine environment contribute to the growth of sustainable tourism, creating additional income and employment opportunities for the local population.

    Conclusion

    Sikkim’s status as India’s first organic state has led to a healthier environment, reduced chemical usage, and a strengthened economy through increased agricultural productivity, tourism, and demand for organic products. This model serves as an inspiration for sustainable practices nationwide.

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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 14, 2024In:
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Answer the question in maximum 50 words/5 to 6 lines. This question carries 05 marks. [MPPSC 2022] What are sacred groves? What is their role in conservation?

mppsc: conservation
  1. Shaurya Bhat
    Shaurya Bhat Begginer

    Sacred Groves: Definition and Role in Conservation Introduction Sacred groves are patches of forest or wooded land that are preserved by local communities due to their religious, cultural, or spiritual significance. These areas are often protected from any form of exploitation, including deforestatiRead more

    Sacred Groves: Definition and Role in Conservation

    Introduction Sacred groves are patches of forest or wooded land that are preserved by local communities due to their religious, cultural, or spiritual significance. These areas are often protected from any form of exploitation, including deforestation, hunting, and grazing, due to their perceived sanctity. Sacred groves are found across various cultures and regions, each with its own set of beliefs and practices that influence their conservation.

    Characteristics of Sacred Groves

    1. Cultural and Spiritual Significance
      • Sacred groves are often associated with local deities, spirits, or ancestral figures, and their preservation is tied to religious or cultural practices. These groves serve as places for worship, rituals, and festivals.
      • Recent Example: The Kodagu Sacred Groves in Karnataka, India, are dedicated to local deities and are integral to the cultural practices of the Kodava community. The groves are revered and maintained as sacred sites, playing a crucial role in preserving local traditions.
    2. Ecological Importance
      • Sacred groves often harbor a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including many rare and endangered species. The protection offered by their sacred status helps maintain ecological balance and biodiversity.
      • Recent Example: The Khadilkar Sacred Grove in Maharashtra, India, contains a variety of medicinal plants and endangered species, highlighting the ecological value of these protected areas.
    3. Traditional Management Practices
      • Management of sacred groves is usually guided by traditional norms and customs, which include rules for sustainable use and protection. These practices are often community-driven and reflect deep-rooted respect for nature.
      • Recent Example: In Mizoram, the traditional practice of shifting cultivation is regulated by local communities, who set aside certain forest areas as sacred groves, thereby ensuring their conservation.

    Role in Conservation

    1. Biodiversity Preservation
      • Sacred groves play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity by providing refuge for a wide range of species. They act as reservoirs of genetic diversity and habitats for endangered and endemic species.
      • Recent Example: The Sacred Groves of Meghalaya in Northeast India are known for their rich biodiversity, including unique plant species and rare wildlife like the Hoolock Gibbons, which find sanctuary in these forests.
    2. Ecosystem Services
      • These groves contribute to ecosystem services such as soil conservation, water regulation, and climate moderation. Their preservation helps in maintaining the health of surrounding ecosystems.
      • Recent Example: The Sacred Groves of the Western Ghats in India contribute to watershed management and regulate the local climate, benefiting agricultural practices and water resources in the region.
    3. Cultural and Social Benefits
      • Sacred groves reinforce cultural identity and social cohesion by linking communities to their heritage and spiritual practices. They provide a sense of belonging and pride, which encourages community-led conservation efforts.
      • Recent Example: The Sacred Groves of the Yoruba People in Nigeria are not only important for their religious significance but also for fostering community engagement in conservation activities and traditional ecological knowledge.
    4. Resilience to Environmental Changes
      • Sacred groves, by virtue of their protection, often exhibit greater resilience to environmental stresses compared to non-protected areas. They can serve as refuges during ecological disruptions such as deforestation or climate change.
      • Recent Example: The Sacred Groves of Kerala have shown resilience against the impacts of climate change, providing a stable environment for various species even as surrounding areas face environmental degradation.

    Challenges and Future Directions

    1. Modernization and Land Pressure
      • Rapid urbanization and agricultural expansion pose threats to sacred groves, as these areas are often encroached upon for development purposes.
      • Response: Initiatives like the Sacred Grove Conservation Project in India aim to integrate traditional conservation practices with modern management techniques to safeguard these areas.
    2. Loss of Traditional Knowledge
      • As communities modernize, there is a risk of losing traditional knowledge related to the management and significance of sacred groves.
      • Response: Efforts are being made to document and revive traditional ecological knowledge through community engagement and educational programs.

    Conclusion

    Sacred groves represent a unique intersection of cultural, spiritual, and ecological values. Their role in conservation is significant, as they contribute to biodiversity preservation, ecosystem services, and community cohesion. While they face challenges from modernization and environmental pressures, integrating traditional practices with contemporary conservation strategies can help ensure their continued protection and sustainability.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 14, 2024In:
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Answer the question in maximum 200 words. This question carries 11 marks. [MPPSC 2022] What does “conservation of biodiversity” mean? What initiatives have been taken in this respect at the national level?

mppsc: conservation
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Biodiversity conservation means the protection, preservation, and management of natural habitats, ecosystems, and species to maintain healthy and diverse populations of plants and animals to ensure the long-term sustainability of ecosystems. Steps taken by National Governments for Conservation of BiRead more

    Biodiversity conservation means the protection, preservation, and management of natural habitats, ecosystems, and species to maintain healthy and diverse populations of plants and animals to ensure the long-term sustainability of ecosystems.

    Steps taken by National Governments for Conservation of Biodiversity – 

    1. Legislative measures enacted by the Government of India to conserve and protect biodiversity.example-Wildlife Protection Act 1972,Forest Conservation Act 1980 etc .
    2. Establishment of organizations, agencies, and frameworks.example-Wildlife Institute of India ,Indian Forest Services , State Forest Departments etc.
    3. Actions taken to preserve and protect India’s natural resources including flora, fauna, water, soil, and ecosystems to maintain ecological balance and ensure sustainable development.example-project tiger,project elephant etc.
    4. Systematic investigation and observation of biodiversity components, ecosystems and conservation efforts to understand trends, patterns, and impacts, informing effective conservation strategies and management decisions.example-Forest Survey of India ,Indian Ocean Observatory for climate monitoring.

     

     

    Biodiversity conservation is crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance, human well-being, and economic stability. Effective conservation requires government policies, institutional measures, research, community engagement, and international cooperation. Collective action is necessary to protect and preserve biodiversity, ensuring a sustainable future for all. Immediate attention and collaborative efforts are imperative.

     

     

     

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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: October 15, 2024In: , ,
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What do you mean by “Feminist” words. Who are actually feminist person?

feministgendersociology
  1. Guru
    Guru Enthusiast

    A feminist is someone who supports equal rights for women. If your brother objects strongly to women being paid less than men for doing the same job, he's probably a feminist. If you believe that women should have the same political, social, and economic rights as men, you are a feminist.

    A feminist is someone who supports equal rights for women. If your brother objects strongly to women being paid less than men for doing the same job, he’s probably a feminist. If you believe that women should have the same political, social, and economic rights as men, you are a feminist.

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Anonymous
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Anonymous
Asked: October 15, 2024In: , ,
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What do you mean by “Feminist” words. Who are actually feminist person?

feministgendersociology
  1. Guru
    Guru Enthusiast

    The Word "Feminist" means someone who supports equal rights for women. for example If your brother objects strongly to women being paid less than men for doing the same job, he's probably a feminist. If you believe that women should have the same political, social, and economic rights as men, you arRead more

    The Word “Feminist” means someone who supports equal rights for women. for example If your brother objects strongly to women being paid less than men for doing the same job, he’s probably a feminist. If you believe that women should have the same political, social, and economic rights as men, you are a feminist.

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Ajay Sundar
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Ajay SundarLearner
Asked: January 7, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing Introduction Briefly introduce mangroves and their ecological significance. State the importance of discussing their role in coastal communities and biodiversity. Significance of Mangroves Protection of Coastlines Explain how mangroves act as natural barriers against storms and erosion. Fact: Mangroves reduce the impact of ...

upsc: conservation
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Significance of Mangroves for Coastal Communities and Biodiversity Mangroves are vital ecosystems that provide numerous benefits to coastal communities and biodiversity. They serve as a natural barrier against storms and coastal erosion, protecting human settlements and infrastructure fRead more

    Model Answer

    Significance of Mangroves for Coastal Communities and Biodiversity

    Mangroves are vital ecosystems that provide numerous benefits to coastal communities and biodiversity. They serve as a natural barrier against storms and coastal erosion, protecting human settlements and infrastructure from the impacts of severe weather events. This protective function is crucial for reducing the risks associated with coastal hazards, thereby safeguarding lives and properties.

    In terms of biodiversity, mangroves are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet. They support nearly 3,000 species of fish and a diverse array of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to these habitats. Mangroves also provide essential breeding and nursery grounds for various marine species, contributing significantly to the health of coastal fisheries. Furthermore, they are home to a wide range of mammals, reptiles, and invertebrates, enhancing overall biodiversity in coastal regions.

    Mangroves also play a critical role in the livelihoods of approximately 120 million people living in coastal areas. The resources they provide, such as wood, fish, and other minor produce, are integral to the diets and lifestyles of these communities. Additionally, mangrove ecosystems support eco-tourism, generating income and employment opportunities for local populations.

    The MISHTI Scheme

    In recognition of the importance of mangroves, the Union Budget 2023-24 introduced the Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI). This scheme aims to enhance the regeneration and sustainable utilization of mangrove ecosystems across India. Key features of the MISHTI scheme include:

    • Expansion of Mangrove Area: The initiative plans to increase mangrove plantations along coastlines and salt pan lands, targeting an area of 540 square kilometers across 11 states and 2 Union Territories over the next five years.
    • Convergence of Schemes: The scheme will leverage existing programs, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) and the Compensatory Afforestation Fund, to fund mangrove restoration efforts.
    • Collaboration and Best Practices: MISHTI emphasizes the incorporation of best practices in plantation techniques and management, promoting public-private partnerships for resource mobilization.
    • Environmental Focus: This initiative is part of a broader effort to enhance environmental conservation and combat climate change, as mangroves are known for their high carbon sequestration potential.

    The MISHTI scheme is a timely intervention, addressing the threats faced by mangrove ecosystems due to commercialization and development pressures.

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