In what ways did the architectural designs of the Buddhist and Jain communities in ancient India mirror the beliefs and customs of their respective faiths?
Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions
Nikhil JoshiLearner
Follow the development of India’s rock-cut architecture. Was the majority of the rock-cut structures in ancient India religious? Remark.
Vinit PawarBegginer
How has modern architecture evolved to incorporate sustainability principles, and what are some notable examples of environmentally conscious architectural designs?
-
These are the examples of notable example of modern architecture through infographic.
These are the examples of notable example of modern architecture through infographic.
See less
Reshma ShaikBegginer
How does architecture reflect cultural identity and heritage in different regions of the world?
-
Architecture serves as a physical manifestation of cultural identity and heritage, uniquely reflecting the values, beliefs, and history of different regions. In Europe, for example, Gothic cathedrals like Notre-Dame de Paris symbolize medieval religious fervor and advancements in engineering. SimilaRead more
Architecture serves as a physical manifestation of cultural identity and heritage, uniquely reflecting the values, beliefs, and history of different regions. In Europe, for example, Gothic cathedrals like Notre-Dame de Paris symbolize medieval religious fervor and advancements in engineering. Similarly, Renaissance architecture in Italy, with its emphasis on symmetry and proportion, mirrors the era’s revival of classical knowledge and humanism.
In Asia, traditional Japanese architecture, characterized by wooden structures, tatami mats, and sliding doors, emphasizes simplicity and harmony with nature, central tenets of Shinto and Zen Buddhist beliefs. In contrast, India’s diverse architectural landscape, from the Mughal grandeur of the Taj Mahal to the intricate carvings of Hindu temples in Khajuraho, showcases a rich tapestry of religious and cultural influences over centuries.
African architecture, such as the earthen structures of Mali’s Timbuktu or the stone ruins of Great Zimbabwe, reflects a deep connection to the environment and indigenous materials, while also indicating complex social and trade networks. Indigenous architecture in the Americas, including the cliff dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloans or the pyramids of the Maya, illustrates sophisticated understanding of astronomy and communal living.
Each region’s architecture not only provides shelter but also tells a story of its people’s identity, resilience, and continuity.
See less
Krishita JadejaBegginer
-
Art and architecture have an interdependent, harmonious relationship. Throughout history art has influenced architecture and vice-versa. Architecture is art working in conjunction with mathematics and the physics of structures. Both of them aim to appeal to the senses of the user and create/emulateRead more
Art and architecture have an interdependent, harmonious relationship. Throughout history art has influenced architecture and vice-versa.
- Architecture is art working in conjunction with mathematics and the physics of structures.
- Both of them aim to appeal to the senses of the user and create/emulate a unique experience for the user/viewer.
- Architecture often combines artistic principles with spatial principles of design to create a three-dimensional experience.
- Despite having a few similarities, art and architecture differ in the process and outputs they produce. While the former creates emotional and aesthetic value; the latter creates a physical, tangible output involving the process of design, analysis and construction.
It is safe to say that both art and architecture go hand-in-hand and are influenced by external factors such as society, religion, politics, economics, technological advancements etc.
See less
Kashish LuthraBegginer
Q. What are the methods for enhancing the properties of known proteins to effectively enhance crop traits?
-
Enhancing crop traits through protein modification involves: 1. **Gene Editing**: Use CRISPR/Cas9 for precise modifications in the plant genome. 2. **Introducing Novel Proteins**: Incorporate proteins from other organisms to confer beneficial traits like pest resistance. 3. **RNA Interference (RNAi)Read more
Enhancing crop traits through protein modification involves:
1. **Gene Editing**: Use CRISPR/Cas9 for precise modifications in the plant genome.
2. **Introducing Novel Proteins**: Incorporate proteins from other organisms to confer beneficial traits like pest resistance.
3. **RNA Interference (RNAi)**: Suppress genes responsible for undesirable traits using RNAi technology.
4. **Protein Modification**: Adjust proteins post-translationally to enhance stability and functionality, often through methods like glycosylation.
5. **Synthetic Biology**: Design new proteins or variants optimized for specific agricultural functions, such as improving photosynthesis or stress tolerance.
6. **Delivery Systems**: Utilize nanoparticles or other carriers to efficiently deliver modified or synthetic proteins into plants.
These methods collectively aim to improve crop traits such as yield, resistance to pests and diseases, nutrient content, and adaptability to environmental stresses, contributing to sustainable and efficient agriculture.
See less
What is one of the greatest challenges modern architects face?
-
There are couple of challenges which the modern architecture is prone to, impotent to urban planning and disastrous political landscape in populated, and potentially labour driven countries. If talking of "modern west", or Europe, the Catastrophe of generational gap, and modern engineering is lurkinRead more
There are couple of challenges which the modern architecture is prone to, impotent to urban planning and disastrous political landscape in populated, and potentially labour driven countries. If talking of “modern west”, or Europe, the Catastrophe of generational gap, and modern engineering is lurking behind somewhere.
South Asian countries:
Driven by the agenda to earn a wage that sustain them through another night. Economy plays a bit role. A few points to take into consideration:
- overlooking the needs of low income groups (<68%)
- weak financial resources
- inadequate public participation and support
- insufficient data and resources to plan, which eventually leads to improper and poor layout which constraints the population.
- colonial mindset, many countries found it hard to replace their colonial heritage.
Architecture has always been a backbone of any civilization. In india, poor urban planning and disastrous layout has always been discussed, but not taken care off. Tumbling architecture is a sign of plummeted civilization.
See less
Mahima AsthanaBegginer
Discuss the key architectural features and urban planning of the Harappan Civilization. How did these reflect the advanced societal organization and technological prowess of the Harappan people? Support your answer with examples
-
Architecture has been a key element of civilizations. The Harappan civilization, which dates back to approximately 3000 B.C., is no stranger to this vital element. The Harappan civilization was heavily urbanized. It had thoughtful urban planning with noticeable architectural features, reflecting theRead more
Architecture has been a key element of civilizations. The Harappan civilization, which dates back to approximately 3000 B.C., is no stranger to this vital element. The Harappan civilization was heavily urbanized. It had thoughtful urban planning with noticeable architectural features, reflecting the advanced societal organization and technological prowess of its people, which is further discussed below:
General city planning – The cities of Mohenjo-Daro (located in present day Sind) and Harappa (located in present day Punjab) share similar city planning. The cities were divided into two parts; upper city and lower city. The upper part of these cities most likely had public buildings with a wall surrounding them in order to provide protection from intruders. The lower part of these cities were residential.
Roads – The Harappan cities had a well-established network of roadways. Often, the main roads were half a mile long and intersected at a square. The curvy intersections of roads were designed to offer the chariots a smooth turn. The sideways of roads were dotted with lamp posts. Apart from roads, the significant presence of lanes helped in connecting cities from within.
Buildings – The cities had residences ranging from spacious homes, consisting multiple rooms, to humble dwellings, consisting two rooms at bare minimum, indicating class difference. Houses were either two or three storeys tall. The doors, windows and roof were made out of wood. The windows didn’t face the streets. Staircases offered flight upstairs. The toilets found themselves on the top floor. The largest building discovered in Mohenjo-Daro was most likely a palace. However, the most remarkable structure to be found was the Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro. The Great Bath was housed in a quadrangle building. Its depth was accessed by stairs from two sides. It was immediately surrounded by a veranda which was in turn surrounded by rooms and galleries. Arrangements were made to fill up and empty the Great Bath. Apart from the Great bath, the same building contained other smaller baths with provisions of hot water. Although, the exact purpose of the Great bath remains unknown, speculations suggest that it may have been used for religious rituals. The largest building discovered in the city of Harappa was the Great Granary.
Drainage – The Harappan attitude regarding cleanliness and hygiene towards their civilization has been well displayed in the form of there elaborate drainage system. The waste from individual household emptied outside into the covered drains. These covered drains ran further to the outer part of the city where the waste was eventually emptied into the immediate river.
The architectural ingenuity of Harappan people resulted in the formation of their well-planned urban civilization. Their genius discouraged the depravity of skills. Thus, the Harappan society was well-organized and showcased technological innovations.
See less
What standout aspects of Mauryan architecture and art are there? (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]
-
Mauryan art and architecture, flourishing from the 4th to the 2nd century BCE under the Mauryan Empire, is renowned for its grandeur and innovation. Key features include: 1. Stupas: Large domed structures, like the Sanchi Stupa, used to house relics of Buddha and serve as places of meditation. 2. AsRead more
Mauryan art and architecture, flourishing from the 4th to the 2nd century BCE under the Mauryan Empire, is renowned for its grandeur and innovation. Key features include:
1. Stupas: Large domed structures, like the Sanchi Stupa, used to house relics of Buddha and serve as places of meditation.
2. Ashokan Pillars:Erected by Emperor Ashoka, these stone columns are adorned with inscriptions and elaborate capitals featuring animal motifs, symbolizing virtues such as lion and bull.
3. Rock-Cut Caves: The Barabar Caves, carved into hills, exhibit refined craftsmanship and are significant for their polished interiors and religious significance.
4. Buddhist Art:The art from this period often includes detailed carvings of Buddhist symbols and narratives, marking a shift towards religious art.
Mauryan art reflects both the grandeur of imperial ambition and the depth of religious devotion.
See less
Lakshmi DeviBegginer
From the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries A.D., the Hoysala dynasty is credited with a significant period in Indian temple architecture. Provide examples to support your points. (Answer in 250 words)
-
The Hoysala dynasty, which flourished between the 11th and 14th centuries in southern India, is celebrated for its remarkable contributions to temple architecture. Their temples are known for their intricate carvings, detailed sculptures, and unique star-shaped platforms. Key Features of Hoysala ArcRead more
The Hoysala dynasty, which flourished between the 11th and 14th centuries in southern India, is celebrated for its remarkable contributions to temple architecture. Their temples are known for their intricate carvings, detailed sculptures, and unique star-shaped platforms.
Key Features of Hoysala Architecture:
1. Star-Shaped Platforms –
– One of the most distinctive features of Hoysala temples is the star-shaped base, or platform. This design adds a sense of dynamism and complexity to the temple structure.
– Example: The Chennakesava Temple in Belur is a prime example, showcasing the elaborate star-shaped platform that enhances its aesthetic appeal.2. Detailed Sculptures –
– Hoysala temples are adorned with thousands of intricate sculptures depicting gods, goddesses, animals, and scenes from everyday life.
– Example : The Hoysaleswara Temple in Halebidu is renowned for its detailed carvings, including scenes from Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.3. Soapstone Construction –
– These temples were primarily built using soapstone, a material that allowed for finer detailing and more elaborate carvings.
– Example : The Kesava Temple in Somanathapura is constructed entirely of soapstone, allowing for the stunningly detailed relief work that covers the temple walls.4. Multiple Shrines –
– Many Hoysala temples feature multiple shrines within a single complex, often dedicated to different deities. These shrines are usually connected by a series of corridors and halls.
– Example : The Kedareshwara Temple in Halebidu has three shrines, each dedicated to a different form of Shiva.5. Exquisite Pillars :
– The pillars inside Hoysala temples are not just structural elements but are also artistically significant, often carved with intricate patterns and figures.
– Example : The pillars of the Chennakesava Temple in Belur are marvels of craftsmanship, each one uniquely decorated.Notable Temples:
1. Chennakesava Temple, Belur –
– Built in the early 12th century, this temple is a testament to the artistic and architectural skills of the Hoysalas. The temple’s exterior is covered with intricate carvings, and the interior houses stunning pillars and detailed sculptures.2. Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu :
– This temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is one of the finest examples of Hoysala architecture. The temple’s exterior is adorned with elaborate sculptures and friezes that depict various deities and mythological scenes.3. Kesava Temple, Somanathapura –
– Built in the 13th century, this temple is known for its detailed carvings and symmetrical design. The temple complex is relatively small but is filled with beautifully sculpted panels and pillars.Conclusion:
The Hoysala dynasty left an indelible mark on Indian temple architecture. Their unique style, characterized by star-shaped platforms, intricate carvings, and soapstone construction, set their temples apart from those of other periods. Visiting these temples provides a glimpse into the rich artistic heritage of the Hoysalas and the remarkable craftsmanship of their time.
See less
Find the answer in the attachment. Buddhi_Jain_architecture
Find the answer in the attachment.
Buddhi_Jain_architecture
See less