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Whether the Supreme Court Judgement (July 2018) can settle the political tussle between the Lt. Governor and elected government of Delhi? Examine. (250 words) [UPSC 2018]
Model Answer Introduction The political tussle between the Lt. Governor (LG) and the elected government of Delhi has been a contentious issue, primarily revolving around the division of powers in the governance of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. The Supreme Court of India delivered aRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The political tussle between the Lt. Governor (LG) and the elected government of Delhi has been a contentious issue, primarily revolving around the division of powers in the governance of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. The Supreme Court of India delivered a pivotal judgment in July 2018, aiming to clarify the roles and responsibilities of both parties.
Key Points of the Supreme Court Judgment (July 2018)
Examination of the Judgment’s Impact
Limitations of the Judgment
Conclusion
While the Supreme Court’s July 2018 judgment provides a legal framework clarifying the roles of the LG and the elected government, it may not entirely resolve their political tussle. The effectiveness of the judgment hinges on the willingness of both parties to cooperate and constructively interpret the ruling, prioritizing the interests of Delhi’s citizens. Effective governance in Delhi will require ongoing consultation and collaboration between the LG and the elected government.
See lessWhy do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimates Committee. (150 words) [UPSC 2018]
Model Answer Introduction Committees are vital components of the legislative process in parliamentary systems, providing platforms for detailed scrutiny of legislative proposals, policies, and budgets. Comprising Members of Parliament (MPs) from various political parties, these committees function iRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Committees are vital components of the legislative process in parliamentary systems, providing platforms for detailed scrutiny of legislative proposals, policies, and budgets. Comprising Members of Parliament (MPs) from various political parties, these committees function in a non-partisan manner, enhancing the overall efficiency of the parliamentary process.
Why Committees are Useful for Parliamentary Work
Role of the Estimates Committee
The Estimates Committee, a key standing committee, performs several critical functions:
Conclusion
Parliamentary committees, particularly the Estimates Committee, significantly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the legislative process. By facilitating comprehensive scrutiny, developing MP expertise, and promoting a cooperative atmosphere, these committees play a crucial role in ensuring transparent and accountable governance.
See lessUnder what circumstances can the Financial Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force? (150 words) [UPSC 2018]
Model Answer Introduction Financial Emergency, outlined in Article 360 of the Indian Constitution, is one of the three emergencies the President of India can proclaim. Notably, it has never been imposed in independent India. This provision aims to safeguard the nation’s financial stability and crediRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Financial Emergency, outlined in Article 360 of the Indian Constitution, is one of the three emergencies the President of India can proclaim. Notably, it has never been imposed in independent India. This provision aims to safeguard the nation’s financial stability and creditworthiness during critical situations.
Circumstances for Proclaiming Financial Emergency
According to Article 360, the President may declare a Financial Emergency if they believe that the financial stability or credit of India—or any part thereof—is under threat. This could occur due to various factors, such as:
These circumstances necessitate immediate intervention to prevent further economic decline.
Consequences of Financial Emergency
The declaration of a Financial Emergency triggers several important consequences:
Conclusion
Understanding the provisions and implications of Financial Emergency is vital for grasping the constitutional mechanisms in place to address financial crises in India. While it has never been invoked, the potential consequences could significantly affect government functioning and the economy, emphasizing the need for careful management of public finances.
See lessAmong several factors for India’s potential growth, the savings rate is the most effective one. Do you agree? What are the other factors available for growth potential? (150 words) [UPSC 2017]
Model Answer Introduction Capital formation, which encompasses the accumulation of physical assets like buildings and machinery, is crucial for driving economic development. A significant aspect of capital formation is investment, which can originate from domestic savings or foreign funding. In IndiRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Capital formation, which encompasses the accumulation of physical assets like buildings and machinery, is crucial for driving economic development. A significant aspect of capital formation is investment, which can originate from domestic savings or foreign funding. In India, the savings rate plays a vital role in facilitating investment and economic growth.
The Importance of Savings
India’s savings rate has contributed substantially to its economic development since the 1960s and 70s, typically hovering around 33% of GDP. This high savings rate enables the transfer of funds from households to businesses, fostering increased output and expansion. However, while savings are essential, they alone do not ensure capital formation or growth.
Other Factors Influencing Growth Potential
Conclusion
While India’s savings rate is a vital component of its growth potential, it is not the sole factor. To fully harness its demographic dividend, India must focus on improving infrastructure, facilitating business operations, enhancing human resources, embracing technology, and fostering stable social and political environments. These combined efforts will create a conducive atmosphere for sustainable economic growth.
See lessWhat are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
Model Answer Introduction Agricultural marketing encompasses the activities, agencies, and policies involved in the procurement of farm inputs and the movement of agricultural produce from farms to consumers, manufacturers, and exporters. In India, several constraints hinder the effective transportRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Agricultural marketing encompasses the activities, agencies, and policies involved in the procurement of farm inputs and the movement of agricultural produce from farms to consumers, manufacturers, and exporters. In India, several constraints hinder the effective transport and marketing of agricultural produce.
Main Constraints
The lack of scale and poor connectivity often results in higher transportation costs, making it difficult for farmers to access markets efficiently.
India’s transport infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, is inadequate and poorly maintained. This deficiency complicates the timely and cost-effective transportation of agricultural products to markets.
Many farmers lack access to adequate storage facilities, leading to spoilage and waste of agricultural products. This situation often forces farmers to engage in distress selling, where they sell their produce at significantly lower prices due to the urgency to offload perishable goods.
Agricultural produce is often not graded properly, resulting in a mix of various qualities being sold together. This lack of standardization diminishes the incentive for farmers to invest in better seeds and produce higher-quality crops.
Small farmers frequently have restricted access to formal markets and are compelled to sell their products to middlemen at low prices. This practice reduces their profitability and discourages further investment in agriculture.
Farmers often struggle to obtain accurate information about market prices across different regions. The prevalence of unregulated markets limits their ability to seek redress for grievances, further complicating their marketing efforts.
Conclusion
Addressing these constraints is crucial for achieving the goal of doubling farmers’ incomes in India. While initiatives like the ‘Kisan Rail’ service and the ‘Krishi Udaan’ scheme have been implemented to improve the situation, significant work remains to ensure that farmers can fully benefit from their labor.
See lessWhat are the major factors responsible for making rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success how has this system become bane in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
Model Answer Introduction The rice-wheat cropping system is India’s most widely adopted agricultural practice, covering approximately 11 million hectares, primarily in the Indo-Gangetic plains. This system involves cultivating rice during the summer monsoon and wheat in the winter, predominantly inRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
The rice-wheat cropping system is India’s most widely adopted agricultural practice, covering approximately 11 million hectares, primarily in the Indo-Gangetic plains. This system involves cultivating rice during the summer monsoon and wheat in the winter, predominantly in states like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, and West Bengal.
Major Factors for Success
Bane of the Rice-Wheat System
Despite its success, the rice-wheat system has led to several ecological and economic issues:
Conclusion
To address these challenges, India must adopt innovative agricultural strategies, diversify cropping patterns, and enhance market access for farmers. An Ever-Green Revolution is essential for sustainable agricultural growth and the future of rural youth.
See lessDefine potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
Model Answer Introduction Potential GDP (Gross Domestic Product) refers to the maximum level of output an economy can sustain without triggering inflationary pressures. It reflects the productive capacity of an economy, influenced by factors like labor force size and skill level, capital stock, techRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Potential GDP (Gross Domestic Product) refers to the maximum level of output an economy can sustain without triggering inflationary pressures. It reflects the productive capacity of an economy, influenced by factors like labor force size and skill level, capital stock, technology, and natural resources. Understanding potential GDP helps gauge how well an economy is performing relative to its capabilities.
Determinants of Potential GDP
Factors Inhibiting India from Realizing Its Potential GDP
Conclusion
Potential GDP is shaped by diverse determinants. While estimating it poses challenges, recognizing the factors inhibiting India from reaching its potential GDP is crucial for informed economic policies. Addressing these constraints can significantly enhance India’s economic growth and overall societal well-being.
See lessAnalyze the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages, and obnoxious nexus. Also suggests measures required to be taken to eradicate the menace of terrorism. (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
Model Answer Introduction Terrorism remains a pressing concern for India, intensified by its geopolitical location and complex socio-political dynamics. The complexity and intensity of terrorism stem from various interrelated causes and linkages, posing a formidable challenge to national security. CRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Terrorism remains a pressing concern for India, intensified by its geopolitical location and complex socio-political dynamics. The complexity and intensity of terrorism stem from various interrelated causes and linkages, posing a formidable challenge to national security.
Complexity and Intensity of Terrorism
Measures to Eradicate Terrorism
Conclusion
To effectively tackle terrorism, India must adopt a multi-faceted approach that addresses root causes, disrupts terrorist networks, and dismantles connections with organized crime. By strengthening intelligence, fostering international cooperation, promoting socio-economic development, and enforcing robust legal measures, India can strategically confront and eradicate the threat of terrorism.
See lessDiscuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels. (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
Model Answer Introduction Money laundering, the process of making illegal income appear legitimate, has escalated with the advent of digital technologies and globalization. These advancements facilitate cross-border transactions and enhance anonymity, thus promoting unlawful practices. According toRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
Money laundering, the process of making illegal income appear legitimate, has escalated with the advent of digital technologies and globalization. These advancements facilitate cross-border transactions and enhance anonymity, thus promoting unlawful practices. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), global money laundering constitutes 2-5% of the world’s GDP, amounting to approximately $800 billion to $2 trillion annually, highlighting its serious global implications.
Contribution of Emerging Technologies and Globalization to Money Laundering
Measures to Tackle Money Laundering
Conclusion
Emerging technologies and globalization pose significant challenges in combating money laundering. However, implementing stringent regulations, enhancing international cooperation, and utilizing advanced technologies like AI can fortify defenses against this financial crime. Proactive and collective action at both national and international levels is essential to effectively curb money laundering.
See lessKeeping in view India’s internal security, analyze the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
Model Answer Introduction In today’s digital age, cyber attacks represent a major threat to national security, particularly for India’s rapidly expanding digital ecosystem. Cross-border cyber attacks pose significant risks to internal security. A notable instance occurred in October 2020, when a masRead more
Model Answer
Introduction
In today’s digital age, cyber attacks represent a major threat to national security, particularly for India’s rapidly expanding digital ecosystem. Cross-border cyber attacks pose significant risks to internal security. A notable instance occurred in October 2020, when a massive power outage in Mumbai was potentially linked to a China-based threat group known as RedEcho, highlighting the severity of cyber threats faced by India .
Impact on Internal Security
Defensive Measures
Conclusion
Cross-border cyber attacks pose significant threats to India’s internal security. To combat these sophisticated threats, it is imperative for India to reinforce its cybersecurity infrastructure, build capacity, collaborate internationally, and strengthen regulations. These measures are essential to secure India’s digital frontier and maintain internal security.
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