As of my last knowledge update in December 2023, several emerging cybersecurity threats were gaining attention and could continue to be significant in 2024:

1. Ransomware Attacks: Ransomware continues to be a significant threat, with attackers evolving their tactics and targeting not only large organizations but also small and medium-sized businesses, local governments, and critical infrastructure.

2. Supply Chain Attacks: As seen in recent years, supply chain attacks pose a serious threat to organizations, especially those with extensive third-party dependencies. Threat actors are increasingly targeting software vendors, managed service providers, and cloud service providers to infiltrate their customers’ networks.

3. Zero-Day Exploits and Vulnerabilities: The discovery and exploitation of zero-day vulnerabilities remain a significant concern. Threat actors can use these exploits to launch targeted attacks, and these vulnerabilities pose challenges for organizations and security teams to patch and mitigate.

4. Deepfake Technology: The use of deepfake technology for social engineering attacks and misinformation campaigns is a growing concern. This technology can create convincing fake audio and video content, which can be used to deceive individuals and manipulate public opinion.

5. Internet of Things (IoT) Vulnerabilities: With the proliferation of IoT devices in homes, businesses, and industrial settings, the vulnerabilities associated with these devices present a significant cybersecurity threat. Compromised IoT devices can be used for large-scale botnet attacks and data exfiltration.

6. 5G Security Challenges: The rollout of 5G technology brings increased connectivity and speed, but it also introduces new security challenges. Threat actors could exploit vulnerabilities in 5G networks to launch attacks and compromise critical infrastructure.

7. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) Threats: While AI and ML technologies can enhance cybersecurity, they also introduce new attack vectors. Threat actors can use AI to automate cyber attacks, create more sophisticated phishing campaigns, and evade detection.

8. Cybersecurity Skills Shortage: The shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals remains a significant challenge. Organizations struggle to fill critical cybersecurity roles, leaving them vulnerable to attacks and lacking the necessary expertise to secure their environments adequately.