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Women's reservation Bill
Main challenges involved in operationalization of the Women’s Reservation Bill to provide 33% reservation for women in the legislatures are. First of all, organizational barriers become the obstacle and political opposition is one of them. Most political parties have declared support in words but shRead more
Main challenges involved in operationalization of the Women’s Reservation Bill to provide 33% reservation for women in the legislatures are.
First of all, organizational barriers become the obstacle and political opposition is one of them. Most political parties have declared support in words but shy away from it in action, Moeljadi said, as losing seats and power when supporting reforms was a concern. This resistance can slow down or water down the bill.
Second, there are social cultural constraints which are factors that act as a hurdle in the advancement of knowledge and societal improvement. Patriarchal cultures and gender discrimination can hamper women participation and representation even if they are voted. This calls for the change of society besides passing laws.
Thirdly, four implementation obstacles related to organizational practical arrangements can be identified. Changes in the constituencies as well as the accuracy and fairness in the distribution of reserved seats may lead to legal and political confrontations which are sensitive and in most cases technically elaborate.
Fourthly, it includes a consideration of tokenism or lack of quality representation. Several scholars have argued that reservation alone might not guarantee capable leadership or, more importantly, alter other dimensions of women’s empowerment; thus, political training and education are other elements necessary for the enhancement of women’s leadership
Finally, intersectional factors open another discussion. Such a representation has to consider different facets of the women which include, caste, class, and regional differences for the bill to encompass the many regional as well as caste differences existing among women. Managing these factors can be politically tricky and challenging particularly when addressing the three balancing factors.
Solving these issues involves political enablement, change in the society, proper management and positive policy changes that empower the woman through the women’s reservation bill.
See lessFeminism
While liberal feminism, radical feminism and other forms of feminism have differences in approaches and aims for the attainment of women rights. Liberal feminism aims at achieving equality in the set social structure using legal and political reforms. It hinges on equality, especially on pertinent tRead more
While liberal feminism, radical feminism and other forms of feminism have differences in approaches and aims for the attainment of women rights.
Liberal feminism aims at achieving equality in the set social structure using legal and political reforms. It hinges on equality, especially on pertinent topics such as discrimination at the workplace, women’s rights to reproductive freedom, and education rights for all.
Liberal feminist assert that women should change the political system; they should fight for change within the system.This is evident from the radial feminism ideologies where women’s oppression draws more focus on the patterns of patriarchy and power relations which needs to be overthrown.
Radical feminists differ with them suggestively, insisting on requisite social revolution in order to do away with discrimination based on gender. They deal with subjects like sexual assault, women’s right to choose on reproduction, and the breaking down of patriarchal roles, they advocate for more drastic changes
Other feminist ideologies include:
Both ideologies present distinct ways of looking at the societal issues regarding gender and contribute to the evolution of the general idea of feminism.
See lessDescribe the various constitutional provisions for the protection and development of women and children in India.
India’s Constitution has incorporated several provisions for women and child protection. Article 14 guarantees equality before the law, prohibiting gender discrimination. Article 15(3) empowers the state to make special provision for women and children as an affirmative action policy. Article 16 conRead more
India’s Constitution has incorporated several provisions for women and child protection. Article 14 guarantees equality before the law, prohibiting gender discrimination. Article 15(3) empowers the state to make special provision for women and children as an affirmative action policy. Article 16 constitutes equal opportunities in matters of public employment, thus promoting workplace gender parity.
To take care of children’s welfare, Article 21A mandates free and compulsory education for those aged between six and fourteen years. Consequently, no person shall employ a child below the age of fourteen years in any hazardous area in accordance with Article 24, thus ensuring protection against child labor. Two articles from this constitution, namely Article 39(e) and (f), are very specific on ensuring general well-being among children while protecting them from any form of abuse or giving them healthy environments.
Article 39(d) ensures that there is equal remuneration for men and women alike for their respective religious work, while Article 42 necessitates maternity benefits, including fair salary treatment at workplaces. Furthermore, the Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth Amendments guarantee a one-third reservation of seats for women in local self-government institutions, thereby enhancing female political representation.
Furthermore, under Article 51A(e), it is incumbent upon citizens to not indulge in acts that undermine the dignity of womanhood. Thus, these constitutional safeguards provide a solid structure ensuring gender equality as well as shielding the rights accorded to women and children in India.
See lessCan re-energising the livestock sector be the key to sustainable livelihood and increasing the income of Indian farmers? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Indeed, reinvigorating the livestock industry may well be one of the ways to assure a sustainable livelihood and boost the earnings of Indian farmers. The following are some grounds in support of this claim: Diversification of Income: Livestock farming offers a regular source of income that is not dRead more
Indeed, reinvigorating the livestock industry may well be one of the ways to assure a sustainable livelihood and boost the earnings of Indian farmers. The following are some grounds in support of this claim:
Diversification of Income:
Livestock farming offers a regular source of income that is not dependent on crop failures during different seasons. This helps to mitigate the risks associated with purely agricultural-based economies that depend on crops for sustenance.
Nutritional Security:
Milk, meat, and eggs from livestock provide nutrition security by supplying essential nutrients often missing in cereal-based diets, hence leading to overall improved health and productivity within farming communities.
Employment Generation:
The potential for employment creation is enormous in the livestock sector, particularly in rural areas. The sector includes farmers as well as others involved in activities like feed production, veterinary services, and processing industries.
Women’s Empowerment:
In this line of business, women make a significant contribution towards animal husbandry, thus making it highly relevant for their empowerment. A higher involvement of women, together with appropriate resources and training, will promote better handling of animals, thereby raising household incomes.
Marginal Land Utilization:
This is the use of marginal lands and non-arable lands that are not fit for crop farming. It helps to improve land use efficiency and contributes towards improved agricultural productivity.
Value Addition:
Processing and marketing of animal products can lead to value addition, hence increasing income among farmers. Cheese, yogurt, and processed meats, among other products, have a wider market base and higher prices.
Government Initiatives and Support:
The Indian government has put in place various programs like the National Livestock Mission and the Rashtriya Gokul Mission, which enhance various schemes in support of the livestock sector. These programs are directed towards improving livestock productivity, health, and access to markets, thus enhancing favorable conditions for farmers.
Environmental Sustainability:
Properly managed animal husbandry can be part of environmental sustainability. Integrated farming systems practice where livestock waste is utilized as organic manure reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers besides promoting soil health.
To sum it up, re-energizing the livestock industry could be a strategic approach that would enable sustainable livelihoods as well as increase the income of Indian farmers. It presents various advantages, like economic stability, job creation, gender equality, and environmental protection. However, this demands a joint effort in availing adequate resources, training, and policy support towards harnessing the potential of the livestock sector.
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