Mangrove depletion is primarily caused by human activities such as coastal development, aquaculture expansion, pollution, and deforestation. Coastal development, including urbanization, tourism, and infrastructure projects, leads to the destruction of mangrove habitats. Aquaculture, particularly shrimp farming, often involves clearing mangroves to create ponds, significantly reducing their area. Pollution from industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and oil spills degrades the health of mangrove ecosystems, leading to their decline. Additionally, unsustainable logging for timber, fuel, and charcoal further depletes mangrove forests.

Climate change also plays a role, as rising sea levels and increased frequency of storms can erode mangrove areas and disrupt their ability to regenerate.

Mangroves are vital for maintaining coastal ecology. They act as natural barriers against storm surges, reducing the impact of cyclones and tsunamis on coastal communities. Their complex root systems stabilize shorelines, preventing erosion and maintaining the integrity of coastal ecosystems. Mangroves also serve as crucial breeding and nursery grounds for numerous marine species, supporting biodiversity and local fisheries.

Moreover, mangroves play a significant role in carbon sequestration, storing large amounts of carbon in their biomass and sediments, which helps mitigate climate change. Protecting and restoring mangroves is essential for sustaining coastal ecosystems and the communities that depend on them.