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Discuss the relevance of the concept of judicial review in the Indian constitutional framework. How does it safeguard the Constitution?
Judicial review is a crucial part of the Indian Constitution, allowing the judiciary to act as a check on the government's legislative and executive branches. It ensures that the government functions within the limits set by the Constitution and that the rights of citizens are protected. Judicial reRead more
Judicial review in India is the power of the Supreme Court and High Courts to examine and invalidate laws or executive actions that are inconsistent with the Constitution. It’s a key part of the separation of powers, ensuring that the Constitution is supreme and that the legislature and executive branches follow its principles.
Protects fundamental rights
Judicial review safeguards the fundamental rights of citizens by ensuring they aren’t violated by the government or other authorities.
Maintains checks and balances
It acts as a check on the powers of the legislature and executive, preventing misuse of power , etc.
The Supreme Court and High Courts can strike down laws or executive actions that they find unconstitutional or beyond the powers granted by the Constitution. They can also issue orders, instructions, and writs.
See lessExplain the role of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution.
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution are guidelines for the government to follow while governing the country. Though not enforceable by courts, the DPSP are considered fundamental to governance and serve as a duty of the state to establish a just society. The DPRead more
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution are guidelines for the government to follow while governing the country. Though not enforceable by courts, the DPSP are considered fundamental to governance and serve as a duty of the state to establish a just society. The DPSP aim to establish a welfare state by ensuring socio-economic justice and minimizing inequalities.
Origin
Inspired by the Irish Constitution, the DPSP were incorporated to avoid wealth concentration and provide economic justice.
Goal
To establish social and economic circumstances that allow people to live happily and achieve social and economic democracy.
Categories
The DPSP are classified under various categories, including economic and socialistic, political and administrative, justice and legal, environmental, protection of monuments, and peace and security.
Examples
Article 38 directs the state to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities.
Article 45 mandates the state to provide free and compulsory education for children up to the age of 14.
See lessHow can societal attitudes towards mental health be improved to better support individuals struggling with their well-being?
Here are some ways to improve societal attitudes towards mental health to better support people struggling with their well-being: Talk openly: Share your experiences and knowledge about mental health on social media and with others. Be conscious of language: Avoid words that define a person by theirRead more
Here are some ways to improve societal attitudes towards mental health to better support people struggling with their well-being:
Talk openly: Share your experiences and knowledge about mental health on social media and with others.
Be conscious of language: Avoid words that define a person by their condition or are insensitive and hurtful. For example, instead of saying “I’m bipolar,” say “I have bipolar disorder”.
Educate others: Respond to negative comments or misperceptions by sharing facts.
Be compassionate: Show compassion for people with mental illness and treat them with respect and dignity.
Normalize treatment: Encourage people to seek treatment for mental health, just like they would for other health conditions.
Speak up: Report examples of stigma in the media and speak up if you see bullying or discrimination.
Check your own attitudes: Consider your own attitudes towards people with mental illness.
Developing coping skills: Try meditation, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, self-hypnosis, or deep breathing exercises.
Maintaining physical health: Get enough sleep, eat a well-balanced diet, and be physically active.
Building strong relationships: Social connections can lead to lower rates of anxiety and depression, higher self-esteem, and more trusting relationships
Mental health is the most important part of an individual in particular and society in general , that must be taken care of.
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See lessBhakti and Sufi movements
The Bhakti and Sufi movements were both important socio - religious movements in medieval India that promoted religious tolerance and social harmony. While they shared some similarities, they also had key differences in origin, practices, and impact. Origins and beliefs : Bhakti originated within HiRead more
The Bhakti and Sufi movements were both important socio – religious movements in medieval India that promoted religious tolerance and social harmony. While they shared some similarities, they also had key differences in origin, practices, and impact.
Origins and beliefs : Bhakti originated within Hinduism and focused on devotion to a personal deity. Sufism originated within Islam and emphasized mystical practices for spiritual enlightenment.
Practices : Bhakti preachers emphasized self-surrender, singing devotional songs, and seeking salvation in this world. Sufi practices included asceticism, detachment, singing Qawwali songs, and aiming for salvation in the next world.
Impact : Bhakti challenged the caste system and promoted social equality. Sufism inspired love and compassion for others. Both movements influenced regional art, music, and literature.
Social and religious reform movements in India have played a significant role in shaping the country’s social fabric and fostering progress. These movements emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries in response to social challenges like caste discrimination, gender inequality, and outdated practices. Some of the changes they contributed to include:
Promoting women’s rights : Movements advocated for widow remarriage, women’s education, and inclusion of divorced women in society.
Combating caste discrimination : Movements like the Satyashodhak Samaj, founded by Jyotiba Phule, aimed to abolish the caste system and socio-economic inequalities.
Creating a sense of national identity : Movements reinterpreted religious texts to inspire self-consciousness and patriotism among the educated population.
See lessDescribe the major characteristics of Indian Constitution.
The Indian Constitution has many major characteristics, including: Federalism: The division of power between the Union and the states Parliamentary form of government: The government is run by the people, and the legislature and executive are closely related and share power Separation of powers: TheRead more
The Indian Constitution has many major characteristics, including:
Federalism: The division of power between the Union and the states
Parliamentary form of government: The government is run by the people, and the legislature and executive are closely related and share power
Separation of powers: The separation of powers between the legislature, executive, and judiciary
Fundamental rights: The protection of citizens’ liberties and freedoms from state invasion, and the prevention of authoritarian rule
Secularism: The separation of state and religion
Single citizenship: All Indian people are granted one citizenship, regardless of where they reside
Written constitution: The constitution is drawn from different sources and includes detailed administrative provisions
The Constitution of India is India’s highest legal authority and went into effect on January 26, 1950. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, and is the longest written constitution in the world, containing 448 articles and 12 schedules. Although the Constitution can be amended by Parliament, some provisions are immune to change.
See lessDoctrine of Harmonization explains the relationship between Fundamental Rights and DPSP's. Comment.
The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction states that the Fundamental Rights (FRs) and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) of the Indian Constitution should be interpreted and applied in a way that allows them to work together in harmony and avoid conflict. The doctrine is based on the idea thRead more
The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction states that the Fundamental Rights (FRs) and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) of the Indian Constitution should be interpreted and applied in a way that allows them to work together in harmony and avoid conflict. The doctrine is based on the idea that the legislature does not intend to create conflicting provisions in a statute, which would be self-contradictory. The court should try to construe each provision of the Constitution so that they can function together seamlessly.
The FRs and DPSPs are often referred to as two sides of the same coin because they both form the core of the Indian Constitution’s philosophy. The FRs are the moral rights of every individual that they should be entitled to, while the DPSP’s are guidelines that every state must adhere to while framing laws.
Some examples of FRs include the right to equality, freedom, and freedom of religion, while some examples of DPSP’s include the right to work, education, and maternity benefits.
See lessAttitude and Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence (EQ) is the ability to identify and manage your own emotions and the emotions of others. Attitudes are evaluations that explain how people respond to events, ideas, or people. Here are some differences between the two: Emotions Emotions are immediate responses that can affectRead more