The political landscape of India has undergone significant transformations from 1947 to 2024, shaped by various socio-economic, cultural, and global factors. Changes across different phases:

From 1947 to 2024, India’s political landscape has evolved significantly, influenced by socio-economic, cultural, and global factors. Initially, Jawaharlal Nehru and the Indian National Congress (INC) shaped the post-independence era, emphasizing secularism, socialism, and non-alignment in foreign policy. The 1960s and 1970s witnessed political turmoil under Indira Gandhi, including the controversial Emergency in 1975, alongside the emergence of regional parties reflecting diverse identities.

In the 1990s and 2000s, economic reforms under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao opened India to globalization, fostering coalition politics and amplifying regional voices. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) gained prominence in the 2010s under leaders like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Narendra Modi, emphasizing Hindutva ideology and development-focused policies. Modi’s leadership since 2014 has underscored infrastructural development, digital initiatives, and social welfare programs.

As of the 2020s, India grapples with challenges such as social unrest, economic disparities, and geopolitical shifts. Digital media and youth activism play pivotal roles in shaping contemporary political discourse, reflecting a transition from Nehruvian socialism to a more dynamic landscape centered on identity politics, social reform, and economic advancement.