In India’s Constitutional system, the conflict for supremacy between Parliament and the Supreme Court arises from their respective powers. Parliament holds legislative authority, while the Supreme Court exercises judicial review. Structurally, Parliament can amend the Constitution, but the Supreme Court ensures that amendments do not violate the “basic structure” doctrine, maintaining judicial supremacy in constitutional interpretation. Operationally, conflicts occur when laws passed by Parliament are challenged in court. This balance of power prevents authoritarianism, as judicial review checks parliamentary overreach, while legislative amendments challenge judicial interpretation, creating a dynamic balance between the two institutions.

The absence of an effective state political party in Rajasthan can be attributed to the dominance of national parties like the Indian National Congress (INC) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These parties have strong grassroots support and have alternated power for decades, marginalizing smaller state-specific parties. Additionally, the lack of a unifying regional identity or pressing state-specific issues that could fuel a regional party’s rise, coupled with the vast influence of caste dynamics and national narratives, further weakens the development of an effective state-based political alternative in Rajasthan.