In my opinion, it’s because of the following reasons:

1. Historical Bias: In the past, urban planning and decision-making were mainly male dominated. This has continued to influence the present time whereby most of the decision makers are men.

2. Limited Educational Support: Fewer women go for careers related to urban planning due to absence of encouragement and support in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education.

3. Discrimination Workplace: Women face workplace discrimination and biases during hiring and promotion processes thereby resulting in fewer women reaching leadership positions.

4. Presence of Cultural Stereotypes: Deep rooted stereotypes within many cultures have made leadership and technical positions look like “man’s work”, discouraging women from joining or being promoted through these fields.

5. Absence of Inspirations: There are very few female role models as well as mentors for female aspirant urban planners thus perpetuating this underrepresentation cycle.

6. Lack of formulation of such policies: Insufficient policies and legislation to promote gender equality in urban planning roles can result in fewer opportunities for women.

7. Advantages of Networks: Men often have more access to influential networks and professional connections, giving them an advantage in securing important positions.

All these obstacles have minimized the chances of women participating in urban planning and related areas. Thus, opening up these barriers will let us achieve the increased representation of women in urban planning and decision-making processes.