जैव प्रौद्योगिकी के अनुप्रयोग

1. चिकित्सा

• उपचार और दवाइयाँ: जैव प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग नवीन दवाओं और टीकों के विकास में हो रहा है। उदाहरण के लिए, COVID-19 वैक्सीन का विकास जैव प्रौद्योगिकी द्वारा हुआ।
• जीन थेरेपी: अनुवांशिक बीमारियों के इलाज के लिए प्रयोगात्मक उपचार विधियाँ विकसित की जा रही हैं, जैसे कि सिकल सेल एनीमिया के इलाज में प्रगति।

2. कृषि

• जीवाणुरहित फसलें: उच्च उत्पादन और रोग प्रतिरोधी फसल किस्मों का विकास, जैसे कि BT कॉटन जो कीटों के खिलाफ प्रतिरोधी है।
• बायोफर्टिलाइज़र और बायोपेस्टिसाइड्स: कृषि उत्पादकता बढ़ाने और रसायनों के उपयोग को कम करने के लिए।

3. पर्यावरण

• वेस्ट मैनेजमेंट: जैव प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग जैविक अपशिष्ट के उपचार और पुनर्नवीनीकरण में हो रहा है।
• पर्यावरणीय सुधार: जीवाणुओं और प्लांट्स के माध्यम से पोल्लूटेंट्स को समाप्त करने के उपाय।

ये अनुप्रयोग जैव प्रौद्योगिकी के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में प्रभावी रूप से क्रांतिकारी बदलाव ला रहे हैं और भविष्य के विकास के लिए संभावनाएँ प्रदान कर रहे हैं।

Cyber Security Science

Overview

Cyber Security Science is a field of study focused on protecting information systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, unauthorized access, and damage. It encompasses various techniques, tools, and protocols to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information.

Importance

1. Protection Against Cyber Threats: Safeguards systems from malware, ransomware, and phishing attacks, crucial for maintaining data security. For instance, the WannaCry ransomware attack (2017) highlighted the need for robust cyber defenses.
2. Preservation of Privacy: Ensures that sensitive personal and financial information remains confidential and secure from breaches. Recent incidents like the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal underscore the importance of data privacy.
3. Economic and National Security: Protects critical infrastructure and economic assets from cyber espionage and sabotage. The 2020 SolarWinds cyberattack demonstrated vulnerabilities in national security frameworks.

In summary, Cyber Security Science is essential for safeguarding digital assets, maintaining trust, and ensuring the stability of national and economic security.

Technology Mission in Indian Agriculture

Overview

The Technology Mission in Indian agriculture refers to a series of initiatives aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability through the application of advanced technologies and innovations. Key missions include the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) and the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP).

Objectives

1. Increase Productivity: Boost crop yields and farm productivity by introducing advanced technologies and high-yielding varieties.
2. Promote Sustainable Practices: Encourage sustainable agricultural practices and efficient resource use to protect the environment.
3. Support Research and Development: Fund agricultural research, innovation, and extension services to address local and regional agricultural challenges.

Recent Examples

• The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) under the technology mission framework aims to improve irrigation infrastructure and increase water use efficiency.
• The National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) enhances extension services and provides technology to farmers through Kisan Call Centers and e-NAM platforms.

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada (SAMPADA) Yojana

Overview

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (SAMPADA) is a central government initiative launched in 2016 aimed at enhancing the agricultural sector in India. It focuses on improving food processing infrastructure to benefit farmers and boost the agri-economy.

Objectives

1. Boost Food Processing: Increase the value addition in the agricultural sector by enhancing food processing capabilities.
2. Reduce Post-Harvest Losses: Improve storage, transportation, and processing infrastructure to minimize post-harvest losses.
3. Create Jobs: Generate employment opportunities in rural and semi-urban areas through infrastructure development and processing units.

Provisions

1. Infrastructure Development: Financial support for cold storage chains, food processing units, and logistics.
2. Subsidies and Grants: Subsidies for setting up processing units and technology upgrades.
3. Skill Development: Training programs for farmers and entrepreneurs to enhance their skills in food processing.

Recent Example

The scheme has led to the establishment of several food processing units and cold storage facilities across states, thereby improving farmers’ income and reducing food wastage.

Pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India

1. SDG Framework

India is actively pursuing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015. These goals focus on eradicating poverty, promoting economic growth, and ensuring environmental sustainability.

2. Key Initiatives

• Swachh Bharat Mission: Aims for universal sanitation and has achieved significant milestones in rural areas, contributing to SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana: Targets affordable housing for all by 2022, addressing SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).
• National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP): Supports SDG 13 (Climate Action) by promoting electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions.

3. Challenges

India faces challenges in poverty alleviation, inequality, and climate resilience. Persistent efforts and robust policy implementation are essential to meet these goals effectively.