Lok Sabha vs. Rajya Sabha: Pillars of Indian Democracy

The Indian Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Both houses play vital roles, but with distinct characteristics:
Origin:

• Lok Sabha: A direct reflection of the people’s will. Established in 1950.
• Rajya Sabha: Represents the states and union territories. Established in 1950.

Members:

• Lok Sabha: 543 members directly elected by Indian citizens in geographical constituencies.
• Rajya Sabha: 250 members (238 elected by state legislatures and 12 nominated by the President for expertise).

Powers:

• Lok Sabha: Enjoys greater power – initiates money bills, forms the government, holds the council of ministers accountable.
• Rajya Sabha: Can review, recommend amendments, and delay (not veto) bills passed by Lok Sabha. Plays a crucial role in discussing national issues and protecting states’ interests.

Selection Procedure:

• Lok Sabha: Direct elections by eligible voters through universal adult franchise.
• Rajya Sabha: Indirect elections by members of state legislative assemblies through proportional representation. President nominates 12 members.

Speaker Selection:

• Lok Sabha: Members elect the Speaker, who presides over the house and ensures smooth functioning.
• Rajya Sabha: Vice-President of India ex-officio chairs the Rajya Sabha.

Bills Passed by Members:

• Lok Sabha: Can originate and pass all types of bills (money bills, ordinary bills, constitutional amendments).
• Rajya Sabha: Cannot originate money bills, but can recommend amendments. Has a limited role in passing constitutional amendments.

Eligibility Criteria:

• Lok Sabha: Minimum age 25 years and citizen of India.
• Rajya Sabha: Minimum age 30 years and citizen of India. President’s nominees can be from any profession or field.

In essence, Lok Sabha represents the immediate voice of the people, while Rajya Sabha provides a platform for states’ concerns and ensures long-term, considered legislation. This bicameral system fosters a healthy balance in India’s vibrant democracy.