Sustainable farming, is an approach to farming that focuses on producing food, fiber, or other plant or animal products in a way that maintains the health of the environment, conserves natural resources, and supports the economic and social well-being of farmers and their communities.

Ways sustainable farming practices have evolved in response to climate change and environmental concerns-
1. Agroforestry- It enhances biodiversity, improves soil structure, and provides additional income streams through products like fruits, nuts, and timber.
Example:-Tree-Based Farming in Andhra Pradesh.

2.Precision agriculture- It minimizes the use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, reducing environmental impact and improving
efficiency. Example:-Krishi Yantra

3.Integrated Pest Management (IPM):-It reduces reliance on chemical pesticides, thereby lowering environmental and health risks.
Example:-In Tamil Nadu, farmers have adopted IPM practices for rice cultivation

4.Carbon farming- It Contributes to climate change mitigation and can provide farmers with additional income through carbon credits.
Example:-Deccan Development Society (DDS) in Telangana
5.Climate-Resilient Crops: Research and development have led to the creation of crop varieties that are more tolerant to drought, heat, and pests. Example:-Climate-Resilient Rice Varieties in Odisha.

6.Regenerative Agriculture: It aims to sequester carbon, increase biodiversity, and improve soil resilience. Example:-Subhash Palekar promotes a zero-budget natural farming method
Therefore these advancements reflect a growing awareness of the need to balance agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability.

Traditional crafts are handmade products created using techniques and materials passed down through generations.
Heritage encompasses both tangible and intangible aspects of a culture.

Benefits of preserving and promoting –
1. Cultural:-
(a)Preserving them helps maintain cultural roots and a sense of belonging.
(b)Each craft is a unique expression of cultural diversity
Example:- Navajo weaving

2. Economic:-
(a)Traditional crafts can provide sustainable livelihoods for artisans
(b)High-quality traditional crafts can be exported, generating foreign exchange.
Example:- kanjeevaram saree

3.Environmental
(a) Many traditional crafts use local, natural materials and environmentally friendly techniques.
Example:- Pottery, Basketry

4. Intellectual Enrichment
(a) Traditional crafts inspire creativity and innovation.
(b)Engaging in traditional crafts can be therapeutic.
Example:- Quilting

Therefore according to Mahatma Gandhi “A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and minds of its people”.

Indian literature encompasses a vast and diverse range of literary traditions, influenced by the country’s rich cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity.

Ways through which Indian literature continue to evolve and reflect in 21st century-

1.Promotion of Regional Languages: Encouraging writing and publishing in regional languages can help preserve and promote local cultures and traditions.

2.Digital Platforms: Utilizing digital platforms for publishing can reach a wider audience and include voices from different backgrounds. For eg:- E-books, audiobooks, and online literary magazines.

3.Cross-Cultural Collaborations: Authors from different regions collaborating on projects can blend diverse perspectives and create rich, multifaceted narratives.

4.Inclusion of Marginalized Voices: Highlighting and supporting literature from marginalized communities, such as tribal writers, can ensure inclusive representation of India’s diversity.

5.Literary Festivals and Workshops: Organizing literary festivals can bring together writers from different parts of the country, fostering exchange and understanding of various cultures.

6.Educational Initiatives: Integrating diverse literary works into the educational curriculum can expose students to the richness of Indian literature.

Therefore by embracing these strategies, Indian literature can continue to thrive and mirror the country’s rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and experiences.