Inclusive Growth: A Strategy for Inclusiveness and Sustainability

1. Definition and Objectives:

• Inclusive Growth: Inclusive growth refers to an economic strategy aimed at ensuring that the benefits of economic growth are distributed equitably among all segments of society, including marginalized and vulnerable groups. Its core objectives are to achieve economic inclusiveness and sustainability.

2. Achieving Inclusiveness:

• Equitable Distribution: Inclusive growth seeks to narrow income inequality and reduce poverty. For instance, India’s Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) aims to provide financial inclusion by offering banking services to the unbanked population.
• Social Empowerment: Programs like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) ensure employment and wages for rural poor, contributing to greater social equity and reducing economic disparities.

3. Promoting Sustainability:

• Environmental Considerations: Inclusiveness is linked to sustainability through the promotion of environmentally sustainable practices. The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) focuses on improving air quality while promoting sustainable urban development.
• Long-Term Economic Stability: Sustainable growth involves investing in infrastructure, education, and healthcare, ensuring that economic growth does not come at the cost of environmental degradation or social inequality.

4. Challenges and Integration:

• Balancing Growth and Equity: One challenge is balancing economic growth with equitable resource distribution. Economic reforms and policy interventions must be carefully designed to ensure that growth does not exacerbate inequality or harm the environment.
• Policy Synergy: Integrating policies that promote both economic inclusion and sustainability is crucial. For example, renewable energy initiatives like Solar Parks not only create jobs but also support environmental sustainability.

5. Recent Examples:

• Digital India: The Digital India initiative aims to provide digital literacy and access to technology, promoting inclusiveness by bridging the digital divide and supporting sustainable development.

In conclusion, the strategy of inclusive growth effectively addresses the dual objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability by ensuring that economic benefits are shared broadly while fostering sustainable development practices.

Role of Over-Ground Workers (OGWs) in Assisting Terrorist Organizations

1. Support Functions:

• Logistical Assistance: OGWs provide logistical support to terrorists, including safe houses, transportation, and communication. For example, in Jammu and Kashmir, OGWs have facilitated the movement and operations of terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed.

2. Recruitment and Radicalization:

• Recruitment: They play a crucial role in recruiting and radicalizing youth, often through propaganda and social influence. The recruitment networks in Kashmir have utilized OGWs to spread extremist ideologies.

3. Intelligence Gathering:

• Information Sharing: OGWs gather and relay intelligence about security forces and strategic locations, helping terrorist groups plan their attacks. They often monitor and report on security patterns and military movements.

Measures to Neutralize Influence of OGWs

1. Enhanced Surveillance:

• Intelligence Operations: Strengthening intelligence networks and conducting surveillance to monitor OGWs’ activities and their connections with terrorist groups.

2. Community Engagement:

• Counter-Radicalization: Engaging with local communities to promote counter-radicalization programs and provide alternative narratives to extremist ideologies.

3. Legal and Administrative Actions:

• Strict Enforcement: Enforcing laws against OGWs, including preventive detention and legal action under anti-terrorism legislation. Recent bans, such as on Jamaat-e-Islami, are steps to curb their influence.

4. Rehabilitation Programs:

• Rehabilitation and Reintegration: Implementing programs for rehabilitation and reintegration of former OGWs to divert them from terrorism and integrate them into society.

These measures collectively aim to disrupt the support structures for terrorist organizations and mitigate the influence of OGWs in insurgency-affected areas.

Impact of Coastal Sand Mining on Indian Coasts

1. Environmental Degradation:

• Beach Erosion: Coastal sand mining accelerates beach erosion, leading to loss of coastal land and increased vulnerability to storm surges. For instance, excessive sand mining in Kochi, Kerala has exacerbated beach erosion and damaged coastal ecosystems.

2. Ecosystem Disruption:

• Habitat Loss: Sand mining disrupts mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass beds, which are crucial for marine biodiversity. In Goa, illegal sand mining has negatively affected mangrove forests, impacting fish and bird species that depend on these habitats.

3. Water Pollution:

• Sedimentation: Mining activities increase sedimentation in coastal waters, which can lead to polluted runoff and decreased water quality. The Sundarbans delta has seen increased sedimentation due to sand mining, impacting the health of aquatic life and mangrove ecosystems.

4. Social and Economic Effects:

• Community Displacement: Coastal communities often face displacement and loss of livelihood due to environmental damage. In Tamil Nadu, sand mining has led to conflicts over fishing resources and community displacement due to altered coastlines.

Addressing the impacts of coastal sand mining requires stringent regulations, effective enforcement, and sustainable management practices to protect coastal environments and communities.

राष्ट्रीय जल-विभाजक परियोजना और जल-प्रतिबलित क्षेत्रों से कृषि उत्पादन में वृद्धि

1. जल संरक्षण और प्रबंधन:

• वृष्टि जल संचयन: राष्ट्रीय जल-विभाजक परियोजना के तहत वृष्टि जल संचयन के उपाय जैसे चेक डैम, तालाब, और वृक्षारोपण से जल की उपलब्धता में सुधार हुआ है। महाराष्ट्र में, वृक्षारोपण और जलाशय निर्माण से सूखे क्षेत्रों में जल की उपलब्धता बढ़ी है।

2. मृदा स्वास्थ्य में सुधार:

• मृदा कटाव और जल धारण: परियोजना द्वारा मृदा कटाव को कम किया गया है और जल धारण क्षमता में सुधार हुआ है। राजस्थान में, वृक्षारोपण और सिंचाई सुधार से मृदा की उर्वरता में वृद्धि देखी गई है।

3. कृषि उत्पादन में वृद्धि:

• सिंचाई की सुविधा: परियोजना के अंतर्गत सिंचाई प्रणालियों के सुधार से विस्तारित सिंचाई क्षेत्र में फसल उत्पादन बढ़ा है। गुजरात में, सिंचाई सुधार के चलते अधिक उत्पादन हुआ है, विशेषकर दलहन और तिलहन फसलों में।

4. समुदाय की भागीदारी:

• स्थानीय प्रबंधन: परियोजना में स्थानीय समुदायों को शामिल किया गया है, जिससे सामुदायिक भागीदारी और स्थिरता में सुधार हुआ है। मध्य प्रदेश में, सामुदायिक जल प्रबंधन के प्रयासों से कृषि उत्पादन में सुधार हुआ है।

इन उपायों और सुधारों के माध्यम से, राष्ट्रीय जल-विभाजक परियोजना ने जल-प्रतिबलित क्षेत्रों में कृषि उत्पादन को महत्वपूर्ण रूप से बढ़ाया है और दीर्घकालिक कृषि स्थिरता को सुनिश्चित किया है।

भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था की स्थिति: स्थायी GDP संवृद्धि और निम्न मुद्रास्फीति के प्रभाव

1. स्थायी GDP संवृद्धि:

• आर्थिक वृद्धि: भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था ने हाल के वर्षों में स्थायी GDP वृद्धि दर्ज की है, जो आर्थिक स्थिरता को दर्शाती है। FY 2023-24 में GDP वृद्धि लगभग 7.2% रही, जो निवेश और उपभोक्ता खर्च में वृद्धि को संकेत करती है।
• उदाहरण: स्मार्ट सिटी मिशन और आत्मनिर्भर भारत अभियान जैसे कार्यक्रमों ने आर्थिक विकास को गति दी है।

2. निम्न मुद्रास्फीति:

• मूल्य स्थिरता: मुद्रास्फीति में कमी ने उपभोक्ताओं की खरीदारी शक्ति को बनाए रखा है। 2023 में, CPI मुद्रास्फीति लगभग 5% रही, जो कि उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं की कीमतों में स्थिरता को दर्शाती है।
• उदाहरण: मुद्रास्फीति नियंत्रण के लिए रिज़र्व बैंक ऑफ इंडिया (RBI) ने मोनिटरी पॉलिसी के उपायों को लागू किया है, जैसे कि ब्याज दरों का समायोजन।

निष्कर्ष:

• स्थायी GDP वृद्धि और निम्न मुद्रास्फीति भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था की सामान्य स्थिति को दर्शाते हैं, हालांकि, संरचनात्मक सुधार और वैश्विक अनिश्चितताओं को भी ध्यान में रखना आवश्यक है।