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Introduction-
Initially named the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj party, the Swaraj party was a political association formed by the eminent freedom fighters Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das. The party was formed on 1st January 1923, after the gaya conference of the INC (Indian National Congress) in December 1922.
Formation-
The Chauri Chaura incident of 1922 concluded with the halting of the non-cooperation movement by Mahatma Gandhi. This led to inconsistencies among the members of the Congress party. Some supported the non-cooperation movement, and some resisted it. The former were called no-changers while the latter were called pro-changers who wanted to sit for elections. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru were the pro-changers. They aimed to resist the British government from within the legislature. C.R. Das moved a proposal to enter the legislature but was defeated. This led to the formation of a separate resisting party called the Swaraj Party.
Objective-
The objective of the Swaraj party was to gain Swaraj (self-rule) and the right to frame their constitution.
Achievements-
The Swaraj party, one the largest party in central Asia of its time, invoked anti-British feelings among the commoners. They ensured there was a strong disapproval of the British policies and proposals. The party exposed the weakness of the Montague-Chelmsford reforms. The Swaraj party strengthened the enthusiasm among the Indians to fight for their right.
Shortcomings-
The Swaraj party failed to bring every leader together. This destruction of uniformity weakened the protests against the Britishers. The death of C.R. Das was a blow to the party. The declaration of the Simon Commission further declined the presence of the Swaraj party. The party slowly lost its relevance and importance among the commoners and leaders.
The Swaraj Party was initially established as the Congress Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed on 1 January 1923. Swaraj party was formed by C R Das and Motilal Nehru. Swaraj party was formed after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress. The Government of India Act of 1919, the 1923 elections, and several other key events led to the formation of the Swaraj Party. The Party fought against the British Raj to give the Indian people more political and self-government freedom.
Goals and Objectives of Swaraj Party
Quick acquisition of dominion status.
Obtaining the right to draft a constitution that incorporates the machinery.
Taking back control of the bureaucracy.
Obtaining complete autonomy for the province.
Obtaining Swarajya is a difficult task (self-rule).
Obtaining the right for people to exercise control over the existing government machinery and system.
Organizing labour in the industrial and agricultural sectors.
To enhance trade and commerce, Asian countries should form a federation.
Participating in the Congress’s positive programmes.
History of Swaraj Party
1922, after the Chauri Chaura Incident, Mahatma Gandhi halted the Non-Cooperation Movement. Congress Party leaders had differing opinions about this. Some wanted to keep boycotting the legislature, while others wished to participate in elections. The first group were called no-changers, including Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and C. Rajagopalachari.
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