Overview
- The Indian diaspora consists of over 35 million people globally, making it the largest diaspora in the world.
- Celebrated during the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD), this event honors contributions of overseas Indians.
Economic Contributions
- In 2024, India received $129.1 billion in remittances, accounting for 14.3% of global remittances.
- Remittances represent 3.3% of India’s GDP, supporting families and local economies.
Categories of the Diaspora
- Non-Resident Indians (NRIs): Indian citizens residing abroad temporarily.
- Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs): Foreign citizens of Indian ancestry.
- Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs): Foreign citizens of Indian origin with specific privileges in India.
Significance of the Indian Diaspora
- Economic Drivers: Facilitates global market access and business collaborations.
- Cultural Ambassadors: Promotes Indian culture and traditions abroad, enhancing India’s soft power.
- Knowledge Economy: Significant presence in tech sectors, with many leaders in major firms being of Indian origin.
Government Initiatives
- E-Migrate: Regulates recruitment and ensures safe employment for Indian workers abroad.
- Madad Portal: Provides grievance redressal for Indians in distress overseas.
- Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana: Insurance scheme for Indian emigrant workers.
Cultural Engagement
- OCI Scheme: Offers privileges to PIOs, encouraging ties with India.
- Chalo India Programme: Promotes visits to India for the Indian-origin youth.
- Bharat Ko Jaaniye Quiz: Connects diaspora youth with Indian history and culture.
Challenges Faced by the Diaspora
- Economic Challenges: Job insecurity in Gulf nations; underemployment in low-skilled jobs.
- Social and Cultural Issues: Challenges in maintaining cultural identity; experiences of racism.
- Political and Legal Barriers: Stricter immigration policies affecting NRIs.
Way Forward
- Economic Strategies: Focus on skill-building and streamline investment processes.
- Cultural Integration: Programs to teach Indian languages and organize cultural festivals abroad.
- Community Support: Strengthen support mechanisms like the Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF).
- The Indian diaspora plays a crucial role in shaping India’s global identity, contributing to its economy and culture.
- Proactive engagement and robust policies can further enhance these ties for mutual growth.