Quantum computing offers major advancements in cybersecurity, both enhancing security measures and posing threats to current encryption standards. Its primary impact is due to its ability to process information at unprecedented speeds using quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in multiple states simultaneously.

• Threat to Current Encryption: Quantum computers can break widely used encryption algorithms. Shor’s algorithm can factor large integers exponentially faster than classical methods, threatening RSA, DSA, and ECC, which depend on the difficulty of factoring large numbers and computing discrete logarithms. This could render current encryption obsolete, compromising data confidentiality.
• Enhancing Security Measures: Quantum computing can also improve security through quantum cryptography. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), like the BB84 protocol, uses quantum mechanics to create theoretically unbreakable encryption. Any eavesdropping attempt would disturb the quantum state, alerting the parties.
• Future of Cybersecurity: The rise of quantum computing requires the development of quantum-resistant algorithms, known as post-quantum cryptography. Efforts are ongoing to standardize these algorithms to secure data in the quantum era. Businesses and governments must invest in quantum research and update cryptographic practices to mitigate potential threats and leverage quantum advancements.