Tribal Welfare: Initiatives & Challenges

• The Union Budget 2025-26 has increased funding for tribal welfare by 46%.
• Emphasizes initiatives like PM JANMAN, DA-JGUA, and Eklavya Schools.

Key Initiatives

1. PM JANMAN
   • Focuses on vulnerable tribal groups.
   • Aims for comprehensive development.
2. DA-JGUA
   • Targets holistic development of tribal communities.
3. Eklavya Model Residential Schools
   • Provides quality education to tribal children.
   • Supports educational needs in remote areas.

Significance of Tribal Communities

• Biodiversity and Conservation
  • Tribals are crucial in preserving forests and biodiversity.
  • Nearly 60% of India’s forest cover is in tribal districts.
• Cultural Heritage
  • Tribal communities maintain rich cultural and linguistic diversity.
  • Many tribal art forms have received Geographical Indication (GI) status.
• Economic Contributions
  • Significant in agriculture and collection of minor forest produce.
  • Tribals derive 20-40% of their income from minor forest produce.
• Political Influence
  • Over 104 million tribals form a crucial voting bloc.
  • Increased representation in governance is essential for addressing their needs.
• Climate Change Adaptation
  • Traditional knowledge of tribals aids in sustainable practices and climate resilience.

Challenges Faced by Tribal Communities

1. Land Alienation
   • Displacement due to industrial projects and poor implementation of the Forest Rights Act (FRA).
   • Only 50% of FRA claims have been approved.
2. Health and Nutrition
   • High rates of malnutrition and lack of healthcare access.
   • Sickle cell anemia and tuberculosis are prevalent.
3. Educational Deficits
   • Language barriers and poor infrastructure hinder education.
   • Eklavya Model Residential Schools face implementation gaps.
4. Economic Marginalization
   • Declining traditional occupations and exploitation in pricing.
   • Limited access to credit keeps many in debt.
5. Impact of Climate Change
   • Tribal regions are disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and erratic weather.
6. Cultural Dilution
   • Rapid urbanization threatens tribal languages and cultural practices.

Government Initiatives for Tribal Welfare

• Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006: Provides rights to manage land and resources.
• PESA, 1996: Enhances self-governance in tribal areas.
• Eklavya Model Schools: Targets quality education for tribal children.
• PM-JANMAN: Focuses on health, education, and livelihoods.
• Van Dhan Vikas Yojana: Promotes value addition for minor forest produce.

Recommendations for Enhancing Tribal Welfare

1. Effective Implementation of FRA: Recognize forest rights promptly.
2. Strengthening Eklavya Schools: Ensure quality education and infrastructure.
3. Revamping Tribal Healthcare: Use mobile health units for better access.
4. Ensuring Sustainable Livelihoods: Expand minimum support prices for tribal products.
5. Empowering Women: Strengthen self-help groups for economic opportunities.
6. Political Representation: Increase tribal participation in governance.
7. Addressing Displacement Issues: Ensure proper rehabilitation and compensation.

Way Forward

The enhanced focus on tribal welfare in the budget is a significant step. Addressing challenges through effective policies and community-driven initiatives is crucial for empowerment and equitable growth.

Mains Answer Writing Practice Question

“Discuss the significance of tribal communities in India and analyze the key challenges they face despite various government initiatives. Suggest a comprehensive strategy for their inclusive development and empowerment.” (200 words)