The French Revolution, spanning from 1789 to the late 1790’s, remains one of the most pivotal events in modern history, profoundly reshaping France and influencing global political ideologies. Rooted in economic turmoil, social inequality, and absolute monarchy’s tyranny, its causes were complex and multifaceted.

The Revolution began with the convocation of the Estates-General in May 1789, driven by a financial crisis exacerbated by France’s involvement in costly wars and a regressive taxation system that burdened the Third Estate (commoners). Frustrations boiled over, leading to the storming of the Bastille on July 14 1789, symbolizing the overthrow of tyranny and the assertion of popular sovereignty.

The revolution progressed through phases marked by radical changes in government and society. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen affirmed equality and individual rights, echoing Enlightenment principles. The monarchy was abolished, and a republic was declared in 1792, followed by the Reign of Terror, a period of mass executions led by the Committee of Public Safety.

Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power in 1799 marked the revolution’s end, consolidating many of its principles but also establishing a new authoritarian regime. Despite its contradictions and failures, the French Revolution laid the groundwork for modern democratic ideals, constitutionalism, and nationalism, influencing subsequent revolutions and shaping political discourse worldwide.