Artificial mice, often referred to as genetically modified or lab mice, are pivotal in scientific research due to their genetic, biological, and behavioral similarities to humans. These mice are employed in various research fields as follows:

1. **Genetic Research**: Researchers use genetically modified mice to study gene function and regulation. By knocking out or overexpressing specific genes, scientists can observe the resulting phenotypic changes, providing insights into gene roles and interactions.

2. **Disease Models**: Artificial mice are created to mimic human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and cardiovascular diseases. These models help researchers understand disease mechanisms, progression, and potential treatments.

3. **Drug Development**: Lab mice are used to test the efficacy and safety of new drugs before they proceed to human trials. This includes pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to observe how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

4. **Immunology**: Mice with humanized immune systems are employed to study immune responses, vaccine development, and autoimmune diseases. These models are crucial for understanding human immune function and developing immunotherapies.

5. **Behavioral Studies**: Researchers study mouse behavior to gain insights into neurological and psychiatric disorders. By manipulating genetic and environmental factors, scientists can observe the effects on cognition, memory, and social behaviors.

6. **Toxicology**: Artificial mice are used to assess the toxic effects of chemicals, pollutants, and other environmental agents. This helps in regulatory assessments and establishing safety guidelines.

Through these applications, artificial mice have become invaluable in advancing medical research, understanding human biology, and developing new treatments for various diseases.