Art criticism encompasses various approaches, each offering distinct perspectives and methodologies for analyzing and interpreting art. Here are some major approaches:

1. Formalism: This approach focuses on the formal elements of art, such as composition, color, line, and texture. Formalists analyze how these elements contribute to the work’s aesthetic value and coherence, often emphasizing the intrinsic qualities of the artwork over external context.

2. Iconography: This method examines the symbols, themes, and imagery within the artwork. Iconographers interpret the meaning behind visual elements and their cultural, historical, or religious significance, often drawing on knowledge from mythology and history to decode symbolic content.

3. Contextual Criticism: This approach considers the historical, cultural, and social contexts in which an artwork was created. Contextual critics explore how factors such as the artist’s background, the political climate, and societal norms influence the work, offering insights into its broader significance and impact.

4. Feminist and Postcolonial Criticism: These perspectives analyze art through the lenses of gender, race, and power dynamics. Feminist criticism examines how gender influences representation and artistic practices, while postcolonial criticism addresses themes of colonialism and cultural identity.

Each approach provides a different lens for understanding art, contributing to a richer, more nuanced appreciation of artistic works.