The most common types of cyberattacks include:

1. Phishing: Deceptive emails or websites trick users into providing sensitive information.
   • Protection: Train employees to recognize phishing attempts, use advanced email filtering, and implement two-factor authentication (2FA).
2. Ransomware: Malicious software encrypts data, demanding ransom for decryption.
   • Protection: Regularly back up data, use up-to-date antivirus software, and restrict user permissions to limit the spread of malware.
3. Malware: Software designed to damage or disrupt systems.
   • Protection: Install and update antivirus programs, apply security patches promptly, and avoid downloading software from untrusted sources.
4. DDoS Attacks: Overwhelms a system with traffic, making it unavailable.
   • Protection: Use DDoS protection services, implement rate limiting, and maintain redundant network resources.
5. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Intercept communication between two parties to steal data.
   • Protection: Use strong encryption for communications (e.g., HTTPS), ensure network security with VPNs, and employ secure Wi-Fi practices.

Organizations can protect against these threats by maintaining a robust cybersecurity framework that includes employee education, regular system updates, strong authentication methods, and comprehensive security policies. Regular security assessments and adopting a proactive approach to potential vulnerabilities are also crucial.