India’s physical geography is diverse and significantly contributes to its landscape and natural resources. The Himalayan mountain range in the north, home to some of the world’s highest peaks, is a crucial source of rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra. These rivers provide essential water resources for agriculture, drinking, and hydropower.

The Indo-Gangetic Plain, south of the Himalayas, is one of the world’s most fertile regions, supporting extensive agriculture and dense population. To the west lies the Thar Desert, characterized by arid land and dunes, which impacts local climate and agriculture.

The Western and Eastern Ghats are mountain ranges that run along India’s western and eastern coasts, respectively. They are biodiversity hotspots with rich flora and fauna and are essential for their role in the monsoon system and water resources.

The Deccan Plateau, in the southern part of India, is rich in minerals and hosts significant agricultural activities due to its varied soil types. India’s extensive coastline along the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean supports maritime trade, fishing, and tourism, contributing to the economy and cultural exchange.

Together, these geographical features create a varied landscape that supports a wealth of natural resources and diverse ecosystems, playing a critical role in India’s economy and lifestyle.