Indian secularism is defined by three core principles: religious freedom, celebratory neutrality, and reformatory justice.

1. Religious Freedom: Ensuring every individual’s right to practice and propagate their religion freely is foundational to Indian secularism. This principle, enshrined in the Constitution, guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice, and propagate religion (Articles 25-28). It upholds the diversity of religious beliefs and practices across India.
2. Celebratory Neutrality: Unlike Western secularism’s strict separation of religion and state, Indian secularism embraces celebratory neutrality. This concept allows the state to engage with religious communities in cultural and ceremonial contexts without favoring any particular religion. It promotes inclusivity and acknowledges the integral role of religion in Indian society while maintaining state impartiality.
3. Reformatory Justice: Indian secularism also advocates for reformatory justice, empowering the state to intervene in religious practices that contradict constitutional values such as equality and social justice. This principle supports legislative measures to reform discriminatory customs and promote gender equality within religious institutions, ensuring harmony between religious autonomy and societal progress.

Together, these principles uphold India’s secular fabric, fostering respect for religious diversity, maintaining state impartiality in religious matters, and promoting reforms to uphold constitutional values.