Pollution is one of the major issues for India, India’s effort to tackle pollution through current policies and regulations have mixed effectiveness, with significane space for improvement. Despite having initiatives like National Clean Action Plan (NCAP) and Air Quality Index, the air quality in many cities remains poor. The NCAP was launched in 2019, aimed to improve air quality in 100 cities, but have face criticism for underperforming and poor implementation. Many cities have not shown significant progress and in many cities even air pollution have increased. Factors such as inability to control emissions from industries, stubble burning instances, vehicle emissions  and seasonal variation contribute to the challenges.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) amendment bill, 2024, aims to strengthen regulations of water pollution. The amendment seeks to update the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974. The new provision are designed to improve the improve enforcement and compliance, through effective robust implementation and monitoring.

India has comprehensive rule for managing various type of waste, including plastic, e-waste, bio-medical waste, construction and demolition waste etc. The waste segregation and effective disposal processes are crucial for managing waste and reduce pollution. Both Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control Board are coordinating together to effectively implement waste disposal and reduce pollution level in different cities.

Conclusion,  While India has robust framework of policies and regulations to tackle pollution, their effectiveness depends on issues in design, funding, enforcement and coordination among States and Center. For significant improvements, a more integrated and sustained effort across all the three level of government, and society are necessary.