Air pollution is caused by a variety of factors, both natural and human-made. Here are the primary causes:

– Factories and power plants release large amounts of pollutants, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM), into the atmosphere.

– The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas in industrial processes is a major contributor.

– Cars, trucks, and other vehicles emit pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter.

– Diesel engines, in particular, are significant sources of fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxides.

– The use of pesticides and fertilizers releases harmful chemicals into the air.

– Livestock produce methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3), both potent air pollutants.

– Agricultural burning of crop residues can also contribute to air pollution.

– The burning of wood, coal, and other fuels for heating and cooking emits significant amounts of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

– In many developing countries, traditional biomass-burning stoves are a major source of indoor air pollution.

– Dust and particulate matter are released during construction and demolition activities.

– The use of heavy machinery and vehicles on construction sites also contributes to air pollution.

– Burning of waste, especially plastic and other synthetic materials, releases toxic pollutants into the air.

– Landfills emit methane and other volatile organic compounds as organic waste decomposes.

– Volcanic eruptions release sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and other gases.

– Wildfires produce large amounts of smoke and particulate matter.

– Dust storms, especially in arid regions, can contribute to particulate pollution.

– The use of household products like paints, solvents, and cleaners can release VOCs into the air.

– Activities such as smoking and the use of air fresheners can also contribute to indoor air pollution.

– Power plants that burn fossil fuels, especially coal, release significant amounts of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.

– Even natural gas-fired power plants, while cleaner than coal, emit nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.

– These industries release a wide range of pollutants, including VOCs, sulfur compounds, and particulate matter.

– Accidental releases and leaks can also contribute significantly to air pollution.