Volcanic eruptions can significantly impact global climate change through several mechanisms, primarily by releasing gases and particulates into the atmosphere. Here’s how they contribute:

1. Release of Aerosols:
   • Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂): When volcanoes erupt, they release sulfur dioxide, which can convert into sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere. These aerosols reflect sunlight away from the Earth, leading to temporary cooling.
   • Other Aerosols: Volcanic eruptions can also emit other aerosols (like ash and dust), which further contribute to cooling by scattering solar radiation.
2. Greenhouse Gases:
   • Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Although less significant than human emissions, volcanic eruptions release CO₂, a greenhouse gas that can contribute to long-term warming if large amounts are emitted over time.
3. Stratospheric Effects:
   • Eruptions that reach the stratosphere can spread aerosols over a larger area and for a longer period, enhancing the cooling effect. For instance, the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 injected large quantities of SO₂ into the stratosphere, causing global temperatures to drop by about 0.5°C for a few years.
4. Changes in Precipitation Patterns:
   • Volcanic aerosols can alter weather patterns, affecting rainfall distribution and intensity. This can lead to droughts in some regions and increased precipitation in others.
5. Long-Term Climate Effects:
   • Prolonged volcanic activity can contribute to longer-term climate changes, although the direct impact is generally more pronounced in the short term.

While volcanic eruptions can lead to temporary cooling due to aerosol emissions, the long-term contributions to climate change are less significant compared to human activities.