Roadmap for Answer Writing

1. Introduction

• Definition of primary industries: Industries reliant on natural resources (e.g., agriculture, mining, forestry).
• Significance of the Himalayas: Mention its diverse ecosystems, climatic variations, and resource abundance that drive primary industries in India.

2. Body

A. Role of the Himalayas in Primary Industries

1. Agriculture:
   • Fertile soils and micro-climates suitable for horticulture (e.g., apple cultivation in Himachal Pradesh, tea in Uttarakhand).
   • Terraced farming techniques adapted to hilly terrains.
2. Livestock Farming:
   • Alpine meadows as grazing grounds for livestock.
   • Pashmina goat for high-quality wool, contributing to the textile sector.
3. Forestry:
   • Rich source of timber and non-timber products like medicinal herbs, saffron, and lavender.
   • Medicinal plants (e.g., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall, Arnebia euchroma) critical for Ayurveda and pharmaceuticals.
4. Fisheries:
   • Fish resources in rivers and reservoirs (e.g., fisheries in Bhakra Dam).
5. Mining:
   • Abundance of minerals like limestone, coal, and gypsum (e.g., limestone quarries in Himachal Pradesh).

B. Significance and Challenges

• Economic contributions through employment and trade.
• Challenges: Balancing development with ecological sustainability.

C. Government Initiatives

• National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: Promotes sustainable development while preserving the ecology.

3. Conclusion

• Summarize the pivotal role of the Himalayan region in India’s primary industries.
• Highlight the need for sustainable practices to maintain ecological and economic balance.

Relevant Facts for the Answer

1. Agriculture: Himachal Pradesh’s apple cultivation and Uttarakhand’s tea farming are prominent examples of successful horticulture practices.
2. Livestock: Pashmina goats provide fine wool, a key input for the textile industry.
3. Forestry: Medicinal plants like Aconitum heterophyllum and saffron in Jammu & Kashmir are vital to trade and healthcare.
4. Mining: Himalayan limestone supports industries like cement manufacturing.
5. Government Efforts: National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem ensures sustainable development.