Roadmap for Answer Writing

1. Introduction

   • Briefly introduce the Nirbhaya Fund, its establishment in 2013, and its purpose: to enhance the safety and security of women in India.
   • Mention that despite a decade of existence, there are still key challenges impeding its effective implementation.

2. Key Implementation Challenges

   • Underutilization of Funds: Discuss how a significant portion of the fund remains unutilized, with approximately Rs. 2,900 crores being utilized out of the Rs. 4,000 crores allocated by 2021-22. (Source: Government data)
   • Lack of Political Will: Highlight how insufficient political commitment has hindered progress. (Source: Oxfam India)
   • Budgetary Constraints: Examine how states’ reluctance to contribute their required share and the fluctuating nature of the fund affects the long-term sustainability of programs. (Source: Oxfam India)
   • Procedural Issues: Address the slow release process due to complex paperwork requirements such as Utilization Certificates (UCs) and Statements of Expenditure (SoE).
   • Focus on Routine Infrastructure: Critique the prioritization of infrastructure like CCTV cameras over more holistic approaches, such as crime mapping and preventive strategies. (Source: Oxfam India)

3. Solutions

   • Propose broadening the guidelines to include education, health, sanitation, and behavior change projects to create a more comprehensive approach to women’s safety.
   • Recommend streamlining inter-ministerial processes for faster approval and implementation of projects.
   • Emphasize the need for better monitoring mechanisms to ensure funds are spent effectively and reach their intended recipients.

4. Conclusion

   • Conclude by stressing the importance of addressing these challenges to make the Nirbhaya Fund more effective and ensure greater safety for women in India.

Relevant Facts for the Answer

• Nirbhaya Fund allocated Rs. 6,213 crores, with only Rs. 2,900 crores utilized by 2021-22 (Source: Government data).
• Political will remains weak, contributing to underutilization (Source: Oxfam India).
• Many states are not contributing their required share, making the fund insufficient for long-term implementation (Source: Oxfam India).
• Procedural delays in fund release are common due to paperwork requirements (Source: Oxfam India).
• Funds are often directed towards basic infrastructure like CCTV rather than more comprehensive safety measures (Source: Oxfam India).