Formation of Attitudes:

Attitudes are shaped by experiences, social influences, and personal beliefs. They form through direct experience or exposure to others’ opinions.

Heider’s Theory:

Heider’s Balance Theory suggests people strive for consistency in their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. If something is out of balance, it triggers a change to restore harmony.

Festinger’s Theory:

Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory explains that when people experience conflicting attitudes or behaviors, they feel discomfort and are motivated to change one to reduce inconsistency.

For example, if someone values health but smokes, they might either quit smoking or change their belief about its harm.