What is Meant by Representation?

Representation refers to the way in which individuals or groups are represented in a governing body, such as a parliament or assembly. It ensures that various interests, communities, and demographics within a society have a voice in decision-making processes. Effective representation helps maintain a democratic system by reflecting the diversity of the population.

Different Forms of Proportional Representation System

Proportional representation (PR) is a voting system that aims to ensure that the representation in the legislature is proportional to the votes received. Here are some common forms:

1. List Proportional Representation

• Description: Voters cast their votes for a party, and seats are allocated based on the percentage of votes each party receives.
• Example: If a party receives 30% of the votes, it would get approximately 30% of the seats in the legislature.

2. Single Transferable Vote (STV)

• Description: Voters rank candidates in order of preference. If a candidate achieves a certain quota of votes, they are elected. Unused votes are transferred to other candidates based on voters’ preferences.
• Example: In a multi-member constituency, if a candidate gets elected, their excess votes are distributed to remaining candidates.

3. Parallel Voting

• Description: Combines first-past-the-post (FPTP) and proportional representation. Voters have two votes: one for a candidate and another for a party. Both systems run separately.
• Example: A voter can elect a local representative through FPTP while also supporting a party for a proportional seat.

Conclusion

Proportional representation systems aim to enhance democracy by ensuring diverse voices are heard in government. Each form of PR has its unique method of reflecting public choice, contributing to fairer political representation.