Rajasthan’s physiography and climate significantly influence its population distribution. The Thar Desert, with its arid conditions, supports sparse populations, while fertile plains like those around the Banas and Chambal rivers attract higher densities. The Aravalli Range creates varied microclimates, promoting agriculture in certain areas. Regions with irrigation facilities, such as Kota and Udaipur, see increased habitation. Conversely, extreme temperatures and limited water resources in desert areas hinder settlement. Additionally, urban centers like Jaipur and Jodhpur experience population growth due to economic opportunities, while remote areas face outmigration, reflecting the interplay of geography and climate on demographic patterns.