The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 1992, aims to enhance urban governance in India by establishing a framework for municipal bodies. It defines the functions of urban local bodies, outlined in the Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution. This schedule comprises 18 key areas of responsibility.

One of the primary functions is the provision of basic services such as water supply, sanitation, and waste management. Urban bodies are tasked with ensuring clean drinking water, efficient sewage systems, and solid waste disposal, crucial for public health.

Another essential function is urban planning and development. Municipal bodies are responsible for land use planning, regulation of building activities, and creating master plans to ensure sustainable urban growth.

Additionally, urban bodies play a role in public health and safety by managing health services, maintaining hospitals, and implementing measures for disease control. They also oversee the maintenance of public parks and recreational spaces, promoting quality of life.

Furthermore, urban local bodies are involved in the regulation of markets, street vendors, and trade, contributing to economic development. Overall, the 74th Amendment empowers urban local bodies to ensure effective governance, promote local self-governance, and enhance the living conditions of urban residents.